Practice ATI TEAS: Cell Structure, Function and Type questions and answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane in maintaining cellular homeostasis? ️️ It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell to maintain a stable internal environment Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells? ️️ Mitochondria convert energy from glucose into ATP through cellular respiration What is the main structural difference between plant and animal cells? ️️ Plant cells have a rigid cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not What type of transport moves molecules against a concentration gradient using energy? ️️ Active transport requires ATP to move substances from low to high concentration What is the function of ribosomes in a cell? ️️ Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion? ️️ The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for transport What is the role of lysosomes in animal cells? ️️ Lysosomes break down waste materials and cellular debris using digestive enzymes What structure controls all cell activities and contains genetic material? ️️ The nucleus contains DNA and regulates cellular functions What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? ️️ It synthesizes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances What is diffusion in cellular transport? ️️ Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration What is osmosis? ️️ Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane What is the main function of chloroplasts? ️️ Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis to produce glucose using sunlight 2 What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? ️️ Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus while eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus What is facilitated diffusion? ️️ Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins to move substances across the membrane without energy What is the function of the cytoskeleton? ️️ It provides structure, support, and movement within the cell What is the role of vacuoles in plant cells? ️️ Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste products and maintain turgor pressure What is endocytosis? ️️ Endocytosis is the process of bringing materials into the cell by engulfing them in vesicles What is exocytosis? ️️ Exocytosis is the process of expelling materials from the cell using vesicles What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? ️️ It synthesizes and transports proteins using attached ribosomes What is the plasma membrane composed of? ️️ A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol What is the function of mitochondria besides ATP production? ️️ They regulate cellular metabolism and play a role in apoptosis What is passive transport? ️️ Passive transport is movement of substances without energy input, down a concentration gradient What is tonicity in cells? ️️ Tonicity describes the effect of a solution on cell volume and water movement What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution? ️️ The cell swells as water enters due to lower solute concentration outside What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution? ️️ The cell shrinks as water leaves the cell What is the role of DNA in the nucleus? ️️ DNA stores genetic instructions for protein synthesis and cell functions 3 What is the cell theory? ️️ All living organisms are made of cells, cells are basic units of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells What is the function of centrioles? ️️ Centrioles organize microtubules during cell division What is cytokinesis? ️️ Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm after nuclear division What is mitosis? ️️ Mitosis is cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells What is meiosis? ️️ Meiosis is cell division that produces four genetically different haploid cells What is the purpose of the cell wall? ️️ It provides structural support and protection in plant cells What is the role of peroxisomes? ️️ They break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances What is the function of the nucleolus? ️️ It produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes What is selective permeability? ️️ It is the ability of a membrane to allow certain substances to pass while blocking others What is the difference between isotonic and hypertonic solutions? ️️ Isotonic has equal solute concentration; hypertonic has higher solute concentration outside the cell What is endosymbiotic theory? ️️ It suggests mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from ancient prokaryotic organisms What is the function of microtubules? ️️ They maintain cell shape and assist in cell division and intracellular transport What is the role of microfilaments? ️️ They help with cell movement and muscle contraction What is the purpose of vesicles? ️️ Vesicles transport materials within the cell and to the cell membrane 4 What is ATP used for in cells? ️️ ATP provides energy for cellular processes What is the function of the cell membrane receptors? ️️ They receive chemical signals and trigger cellular responses What is phagocytosis? ️️ Phagocytosis is the engulfing of large particles or cells by a cell