The wine tastes more drying and bitter, more acidic. Less sweet and fruity. - ANSWER
What effect does a sweet food have on wine?
Since sweet food can dull the taste of a wine (losing its fruit and becoming unpleasantly
acidic), a good general rule is to select a wine with a higher level of sweetness. - ANSWER
What type of wine should you pair with sweet food?
Increases the perception of bitterness, astringency, acidity and alcohol burn in the wine. It
also decreases the perception of body, sweetness, and fruitiness of the wine. - ANSWER
What effect does umami food have on wine?
Pair with low tannin, lower alcohol red wines without (or limited) oak character. Crisp whites
with minimal oak and lower alcohol also work well. - ANSWER What type of wine should
you pair with umami food?
Salt will increase the perception of body in a wine and decrease astringency, bitterness and
acidity. - ANSWER What effect does salty food have on wine?
Fruity and rich (less bitter. less alcoholic) - ANSWER Salty foods will make a tannic, alco-
holic red wine taste more ......... ?
Acid in food will increase the perception of body, sweetness, and fruitiness in wine. It will
also decrease the perception of acid in a wine. - ANSWER What effect does acidic food
have on wine?
1
,It's a good rule of thumb to pair high acid food with high acid wine (as wines can appear flat
and flabby if the acid of the wine is overwhelmed by the food). - ANSWER What type of
wine should be paired with acidic food?
Bitterness in food increases the bitterness in wine. - ANSWER What effect does bitter
food have on wine?
The wine can be overwhelmed by the food flavors. - ANSWER What effect does highly fla-
vored food have on wine?
Pair with wines of similar intensity or flavors. - ANSWER What type of wine should be
paired with highly flavored food?
It makes the wine appear less acidic. - ANSWER What effect does fatty/oily food have on
wine?
Pair with wines of high levels of acidity. - ANSWER What type of wine should be paired
with highly fatty/oily food?
In 2009 - ANSWER When did the European Union change it's wine laws?
1) Protected Designation of Origen (PDO)
2) Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) - ANSWER What are the two labelling terms of
EU wines with a geographical indication?
Apellation d'Origine Controlee (AC or AOC) - ANSWER What term is used to delineate a
PDO wine from France?
2
,Vin de Pays (VdP) or Indication Geographique Protegee (IGP). IGP has appeared on many
wine labels begining with the 2009 vintage. - ANSWER What term is used to delineate a
PGI wine from France?
Vin de France - ANSWER What term is used to delineate a wine in France without any ge-
ographical indication?
Located in south-west France, Bordeaux has a moderate/maritime climate. - ANSWER
What is the location and climate of Bordeaux?
Stone/Gravel - ANSWER What type of soil is found in the Medoc, Haut-Medoc, and
Graves regions of Bordeaux?
Clay with limestone subsoil - ANSWER What type of soil is found in the St-Emilion and
Pomeral regions of Bordeaux?
1) Merlot
2) Cabernet Sauvignon
3) Cabernet
4) Malbec
5) Petit Verdot
6) Carmenere - ANSWER What are the 6 main black grape varieties of Bordeaux (in order
of most to least vineyard acreage)?
1) Semillon
2) Sauvignon Blanc
3) Muscadelle - ANSWER What are the 3 main white grapes of Bordeaux (in order of
most to least vineyard acreage)?
High-density planting - ANSWER Are there high or low density plantings in Bordeaux?
3
, Lower yields for higher-quality wines - ANSWER Do the higher quality wines of Bordeaux
experience lower or higher yields?
1) Ripening Grapes
2) Fungal disease - ANSWER What are two key vineyard challenges in Bordeaux?
Machine harvesting. The gentle sloping vineyards of Bordeaux are suitable for machine har-
vesting. - ANSWER What type of harvesting is used throughout Bordeaux?
Hand-picking is typical for grapes affected by noble rot used for sweet wine production (Sau-
ternes, Barsac, etc) - ANSWER For what type of wine style is hand-harvesting required in
Bordeaux?
Grape varieties are fermented separately and blended after fermentation. - ANSWER For
Bordeaux red winemaking, are the grape varieties fermented separately or together?
In wooden vats or in new or used oak barriques (225 liters) - ANSWER What is Bordeaux
red wine typically matured in?
They are made ready-to-drink with a high proportion of Merlot in the blend, matured in a
vat with no new oak. - ANSWER In Bordeaux, how are inexpensive red wines typically
produced?
Higher-priced wines use traditional fermentation and have a higher proportion of new oak
for maturation; these wines will need maturing in bottle for several years. - ANSWER In
Bordeaux winemaking, how are higher-priced red wines typically produced?
Typically, stainless steel for a short period of time so that it can retain the varietal character-
istics. - ANSWER How is dry Sauvignon Blanc typically aged in Bordeaux?
4
What effect does a sweet food have on wine?
Since sweet food can dull the taste of a wine (losing its fruit and becoming unpleasantly
acidic), a good general rule is to select a wine with a higher level of sweetness. - ANSWER
What type of wine should you pair with sweet food?
Increases the perception of bitterness, astringency, acidity and alcohol burn in the wine. It
also decreases the perception of body, sweetness, and fruitiness of the wine. - ANSWER
What effect does umami food have on wine?
Pair with low tannin, lower alcohol red wines without (or limited) oak character. Crisp whites
with minimal oak and lower alcohol also work well. - ANSWER What type of wine should
you pair with umami food?
Salt will increase the perception of body in a wine and decrease astringency, bitterness and
acidity. - ANSWER What effect does salty food have on wine?
Fruity and rich (less bitter. less alcoholic) - ANSWER Salty foods will make a tannic, alco-
holic red wine taste more ......... ?
Acid in food will increase the perception of body, sweetness, and fruitiness in wine. It will
also decrease the perception of acid in a wine. - ANSWER What effect does acidic food
have on wine?
1
,It's a good rule of thumb to pair high acid food with high acid wine (as wines can appear flat
and flabby if the acid of the wine is overwhelmed by the food). - ANSWER What type of
wine should be paired with acidic food?
Bitterness in food increases the bitterness in wine. - ANSWER What effect does bitter
food have on wine?
The wine can be overwhelmed by the food flavors. - ANSWER What effect does highly fla-
vored food have on wine?
Pair with wines of similar intensity or flavors. - ANSWER What type of wine should be
paired with highly flavored food?
It makes the wine appear less acidic. - ANSWER What effect does fatty/oily food have on
wine?
Pair with wines of high levels of acidity. - ANSWER What type of wine should be paired
with highly fatty/oily food?
In 2009 - ANSWER When did the European Union change it's wine laws?
1) Protected Designation of Origen (PDO)
2) Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) - ANSWER What are the two labelling terms of
EU wines with a geographical indication?
Apellation d'Origine Controlee (AC or AOC) - ANSWER What term is used to delineate a
PDO wine from France?
2
,Vin de Pays (VdP) or Indication Geographique Protegee (IGP). IGP has appeared on many
wine labels begining with the 2009 vintage. - ANSWER What term is used to delineate a
PGI wine from France?
Vin de France - ANSWER What term is used to delineate a wine in France without any ge-
ographical indication?
Located in south-west France, Bordeaux has a moderate/maritime climate. - ANSWER
What is the location and climate of Bordeaux?
Stone/Gravel - ANSWER What type of soil is found in the Medoc, Haut-Medoc, and
Graves regions of Bordeaux?
Clay with limestone subsoil - ANSWER What type of soil is found in the St-Emilion and
Pomeral regions of Bordeaux?
1) Merlot
2) Cabernet Sauvignon
3) Cabernet
4) Malbec
5) Petit Verdot
6) Carmenere - ANSWER What are the 6 main black grape varieties of Bordeaux (in order
of most to least vineyard acreage)?
1) Semillon
2) Sauvignon Blanc
3) Muscadelle - ANSWER What are the 3 main white grapes of Bordeaux (in order of
most to least vineyard acreage)?
High-density planting - ANSWER Are there high or low density plantings in Bordeaux?
3
, Lower yields for higher-quality wines - ANSWER Do the higher quality wines of Bordeaux
experience lower or higher yields?
1) Ripening Grapes
2) Fungal disease - ANSWER What are two key vineyard challenges in Bordeaux?
Machine harvesting. The gentle sloping vineyards of Bordeaux are suitable for machine har-
vesting. - ANSWER What type of harvesting is used throughout Bordeaux?
Hand-picking is typical for grapes affected by noble rot used for sweet wine production (Sau-
ternes, Barsac, etc) - ANSWER For what type of wine style is hand-harvesting required in
Bordeaux?
Grape varieties are fermented separately and blended after fermentation. - ANSWER For
Bordeaux red winemaking, are the grape varieties fermented separately or together?
In wooden vats or in new or used oak barriques (225 liters) - ANSWER What is Bordeaux
red wine typically matured in?
They are made ready-to-drink with a high proportion of Merlot in the blend, matured in a
vat with no new oak. - ANSWER In Bordeaux, how are inexpensive red wines typically
produced?
Higher-priced wines use traditional fermentation and have a higher proportion of new oak
for maturation; these wines will need maturing in bottle for several years. - ANSWER In
Bordeaux winemaking, how are higher-priced red wines typically produced?
Typically, stainless steel for a short period of time so that it can retain the varietal character-
istics. - ANSWER How is dry Sauvignon Blanc typically aged in Bordeaux?
4
