What criteria do we use to assess quality in a wine? - ANSWER Balance - Concentration
(Intensity) - Length - Complexity
List 4 tertiary aromas. - ANSWER Almond - Marzipan - Hazelnut - Walnut - Chocolate -
Coffee - Toffee - Caramel
Dried Apricot - Marmalade - Dried Apple - Dried Banana
Fig - Prune - Tar - Dried Blackberry - Dried Cranberry
Cooked Blackberry - Cooked Plum
Petrol - Kerosene - Cinnamon - Ginger - Nutmeg - Toast - Nut - Mushroom - Hay - Honey
Leather - Forest Floor - Earth - Game - Tobacco - Vegetal - Wet Leaves - Savour - Meaty
What does umami in food increase and decrease in a wine? - ANSWER Increases Percep-
tion of: Alcohol - Bitterness - Astringency - Acidity
Decreases Perception of: Body - Sweetness - Fruitiness
Name the 7 wine faults and the odours they produce. - ANSWER TCA - damp cardboard
Reduction - rotten eggs, boiled cabbage
Sulfur Dioxide - recently extinguished matches
Oxidation - toffee, honey, caramel
Out of Condition - dull, stale
Volatile Acidity - vinegar, nail polish remover
Brettanomyces - plastic, animal
1
, How many positive criteria do each of the following quality statements hold - ANSWER
Poor - 0
Acceptable - 1
Good - 2
Very Good - 3
Outstanding - 4
List 4 main methods to combat Spring frost - ANSWER Heaters - Wind Machines - Sprin-
klers - Vineyard Design
What is meant by diurnal range and what are the benefits? - ANSWER The difference be-
tween daytime and night-time temperatures. Cool nights help slow the loss of aromas and
acidity in the grapes. Warm nights accelerate ripening. A large diurnal range can produce
wines that are fresher and more aromatic compared with a vineyard that has a smaller diur-
nal range.
What are the 3 main irrigation techniques? - ANSWER Drip Irrigation - Sprinklers - Flood
Irrigation
What is the difference between a hybrid and a crossing? - ANSWER Hybrid: a vine whose
parents come from two different vine species
Crossing: a vine whose parents come from the same vine species
What are the pros and cons of using machine harvesting? - ANSWER Pro: speed, work at
night, efficient, less expensive
Con: Can only be used on flat lands, cannot be used to pick for specialised wine styles
(whole bunches, Noble Rot)
Pinot Noir - name 3 premium New World regions in 3 different countries in which it is pro-
duced. - ANSWER Sonoma/Los Carneros (California) - Central Otago (New Zealand) - Yarra
2
(Intensity) - Length - Complexity
List 4 tertiary aromas. - ANSWER Almond - Marzipan - Hazelnut - Walnut - Chocolate -
Coffee - Toffee - Caramel
Dried Apricot - Marmalade - Dried Apple - Dried Banana
Fig - Prune - Tar - Dried Blackberry - Dried Cranberry
Cooked Blackberry - Cooked Plum
Petrol - Kerosene - Cinnamon - Ginger - Nutmeg - Toast - Nut - Mushroom - Hay - Honey
Leather - Forest Floor - Earth - Game - Tobacco - Vegetal - Wet Leaves - Savour - Meaty
What does umami in food increase and decrease in a wine? - ANSWER Increases Percep-
tion of: Alcohol - Bitterness - Astringency - Acidity
Decreases Perception of: Body - Sweetness - Fruitiness
Name the 7 wine faults and the odours they produce. - ANSWER TCA - damp cardboard
Reduction - rotten eggs, boiled cabbage
Sulfur Dioxide - recently extinguished matches
Oxidation - toffee, honey, caramel
Out of Condition - dull, stale
Volatile Acidity - vinegar, nail polish remover
Brettanomyces - plastic, animal
1
, How many positive criteria do each of the following quality statements hold - ANSWER
Poor - 0
Acceptable - 1
Good - 2
Very Good - 3
Outstanding - 4
List 4 main methods to combat Spring frost - ANSWER Heaters - Wind Machines - Sprin-
klers - Vineyard Design
What is meant by diurnal range and what are the benefits? - ANSWER The difference be-
tween daytime and night-time temperatures. Cool nights help slow the loss of aromas and
acidity in the grapes. Warm nights accelerate ripening. A large diurnal range can produce
wines that are fresher and more aromatic compared with a vineyard that has a smaller diur-
nal range.
What are the 3 main irrigation techniques? - ANSWER Drip Irrigation - Sprinklers - Flood
Irrigation
What is the difference between a hybrid and a crossing? - ANSWER Hybrid: a vine whose
parents come from two different vine species
Crossing: a vine whose parents come from the same vine species
What are the pros and cons of using machine harvesting? - ANSWER Pro: speed, work at
night, efficient, less expensive
Con: Can only be used on flat lands, cannot be used to pick for specialised wine styles
(whole bunches, Noble Rot)
Pinot Noir - name 3 premium New World regions in 3 different countries in which it is pro-
duced. - ANSWER Sonoma/Los Carneros (California) - Central Otago (New Zealand) - Yarra
2
