BIOD 121 (NUTRITION & GENETICS EXAMS) COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

BIOD 121 (NUTRITION & GENETICS EXAMS) COMPLETE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.



Which of the following macronutrients provides the highest energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
D. Vitamins
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Lipids provide 9 kcal/g, which is higher than carbohydrates and
proteins (4 kcal/g each). Vitamins do not provide energy.



2. A deficiency of vitamin D primarily leads to which condition?
A. Scurvy
B. Rickets
C. Pellagra
D. Beriberi
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets in children due to
impaired calcium absorption. Scurvy is caused by vitamin C deficiency,
pellagra by niacin deficiency, and beriberi by thiamine deficiency.



3. Which structure is responsible for protein synthesis in a cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. The nucleus
stores DNA, mitochondria produce energy, and the Golgi modifies
proteins.



4. What is the primary function of dietary fiber?
A. Provide energy
B. Aid digestion and bowel movement
C. Build muscle

, D. Store fat
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Fiber aids in digestion and promotes bowel regularity. It
does not provide energy or build muscle.



5. Which nitrogenous base is found only in RNA?
A. Thymine
B. Cytosine
C. Uracil
D. Adenine
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Uracil replaces thymine in RNA. Cytosine and adenine are
found in both DNA and RNA.



6. A person with lactose intolerance lacks which enzyme?
A. Amylase
B. Lactase
C. Lipase
D. Protease
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose. Its
deficiency leads to lactose intolerance.



7. Which type of mutation results in a change of a single nucleotide?
A. Frameshift mutation
B. Point mutation
C. Chromosomal mutation
D. Deletion mutation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A point mutation involves a single nucleotide change.
Frameshift mutations involve insertions or deletions affecting the reading
frame.



8. Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in blood?
A. Calcium
B. Iron

, C. Sodium
D. Potassium
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, which carries
oxygen in the blood.



9. During digestion, proteins are broken down into:
A. Fatty acids
B. Monosaccharides
C. Amino acids
D. Nucleotides
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Proteins are digested into amino acids, their basic building
blocks.



10.Which genetic process converts DNA into mRNA?
A. Translation
B. Replication
C. Transcription
D. Mutation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Transcription is the process of synthesizing mRNA from a
DNA template.



11.Which vitamin is fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, while B and C are
water-soluble.



12.Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxification and metabolism
of nutrients?
A. Kidney

, B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Stomach
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The liver plays a major role in metabolism and
detoxification.



13.In Mendelian genetics, a heterozygous genotype is represented as:
A. AA
B. aa
C. Aa
D. BB
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Heterozygous means having two different alleles (e.g., Aa).



14.Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates?
A. Hormone production
B. Immediate energy supply
C. Enzyme synthesis
D. Genetic coding
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Carbohydrates provide quick energy to the body.



15.DNA replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: DNA replication occurs in the S (synthesis) phase.



16.Which deficiency leads to anemia?
A. Vitamin C
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Vitamin D