NUR 328 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What is cognitive (intellectual) impairment? Intellectual disability affecting attention, memory, reasoning, and planning
IQ cutoff for intellectual disability? IQ less than 70
When must cognitive impairment begin to qualify as an During childhood or before age 18
intellectual disability?
When is cognitive impairment diagnosed? After a period of suspicion by family or healthcare providers; sometimes at birth
How many functional impairments are required for at least 2
diagnosis?
Prenatal causes of cognitive impairment? Intrauterine infection, intoxication, fetal alcohol syndrome
Metabolic disorders screened at birth related to CI? hypothyroidism, PKU
Why does PKU cause cognitive impairment? Inability to metabolize phenylalanine → toxic buildup
Chromosomal causes of cognitive impairment? down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
Environmental causes of CI? Lead exposure, maternal substance use, head injury
Psychiatric disorders associated with CI? ADHD, autism
Early behavioral signs of cognitive impairment? Poor feeding, irritability, poor eye contact, diminished activity
Later behavioral signs of cognitive impairment? Delayed milestones, academic difficulty, memory problems
Key strategies to prevent cognitive impairment? Prenatal education, immunizations, genetic counseling
Why is rubella prevention important? Earlier exposure causes more severe impairment
Nursing interventions for children with CI? Promote development, teach self-care, encourage play and socialization
Most common chromosomal abnormality & leading down syndrome
cause of intellectual disability?
Risk of Down syndrome at age 35 vs 40? 35: = 1 in 350.
40 = 1 in 100.
Facial features associated with Down syndrome? Upward slanting eyes, flat nasal bridge, small nose
, Extremity findings in Down syndrome? Single palmar crease, wide space between first and second toes
Oral features of Down syndrome? High-arched palate, protruding tongue
Most common congenital defect in Down syndrome? cardiac defects (septal defects)
Leading cause of death in Down syndrome? Respiratory infections + cardiac anomalies
Musculoskeletal concern in Down syndrome? Atlantoaxial instability due to risk of spinal cord compression
Key medical management for Down syndrome? Surgery for anomalies, hearing/vision screening, thyroid testing
Feeding intervention for protruding tongue? small, long, straight spoon
Life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome? ~60 years
Most common inherited cause of cognitive impairment? fragile x syndrome (normal life expectancy)
Physical features of Fragile X syndrome? Large ears, long face, large testes (post-puberty)
Behavioral features of Fragile X? Hyperactivity, autistic-like behaviors, intolerance to routine changes
Difference between conductive and sensorineural Conductive = middle ear; sensorineural = nerve damage
hearing loss?
Intervention for conductive vs sensorineural hearing conductive = hearing aids.
loss? sensorineural = cochlear implants.
Signs of hearing impairment in infancy? No startle reflex, no babbling by 7 months
Common school-age concern with hearing impairment? speech-delay
Methods to support communication in hearing Sign language, lip reading, cued speech, speech therapy
impairment?
Environmental aids for hearing impairment? Flashing alarms, closed captioning
Major ototoxic medication? gentamicin
Key prevention strategies for hearing loss? Treat otitis media, avoid loud noise exposure
Eye prophylaxis at birth? Erythromycin ointment
What is retinopathy of prematurity? Abnormal retinal development in preterm infants
Key nursing interventions for hospitalized sensory- Orient child, ensure safety, provide reassurance, picture boards, consistent
impaired children? caregivers
Answers
What is cognitive (intellectual) impairment? Intellectual disability affecting attention, memory, reasoning, and planning
IQ cutoff for intellectual disability? IQ less than 70
When must cognitive impairment begin to qualify as an During childhood or before age 18
intellectual disability?
When is cognitive impairment diagnosed? After a period of suspicion by family or healthcare providers; sometimes at birth
How many functional impairments are required for at least 2
diagnosis?
Prenatal causes of cognitive impairment? Intrauterine infection, intoxication, fetal alcohol syndrome
Metabolic disorders screened at birth related to CI? hypothyroidism, PKU
Why does PKU cause cognitive impairment? Inability to metabolize phenylalanine → toxic buildup
Chromosomal causes of cognitive impairment? down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
Environmental causes of CI? Lead exposure, maternal substance use, head injury
Psychiatric disorders associated with CI? ADHD, autism
Early behavioral signs of cognitive impairment? Poor feeding, irritability, poor eye contact, diminished activity
Later behavioral signs of cognitive impairment? Delayed milestones, academic difficulty, memory problems
Key strategies to prevent cognitive impairment? Prenatal education, immunizations, genetic counseling
Why is rubella prevention important? Earlier exposure causes more severe impairment
Nursing interventions for children with CI? Promote development, teach self-care, encourage play and socialization
Most common chromosomal abnormality & leading down syndrome
cause of intellectual disability?
Risk of Down syndrome at age 35 vs 40? 35: = 1 in 350.
40 = 1 in 100.
Facial features associated with Down syndrome? Upward slanting eyes, flat nasal bridge, small nose
, Extremity findings in Down syndrome? Single palmar crease, wide space between first and second toes
Oral features of Down syndrome? High-arched palate, protruding tongue
Most common congenital defect in Down syndrome? cardiac defects (septal defects)
Leading cause of death in Down syndrome? Respiratory infections + cardiac anomalies
Musculoskeletal concern in Down syndrome? Atlantoaxial instability due to risk of spinal cord compression
Key medical management for Down syndrome? Surgery for anomalies, hearing/vision screening, thyroid testing
Feeding intervention for protruding tongue? small, long, straight spoon
Life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome? ~60 years
Most common inherited cause of cognitive impairment? fragile x syndrome (normal life expectancy)
Physical features of Fragile X syndrome? Large ears, long face, large testes (post-puberty)
Behavioral features of Fragile X? Hyperactivity, autistic-like behaviors, intolerance to routine changes
Difference between conductive and sensorineural Conductive = middle ear; sensorineural = nerve damage
hearing loss?
Intervention for conductive vs sensorineural hearing conductive = hearing aids.
loss? sensorineural = cochlear implants.
Signs of hearing impairment in infancy? No startle reflex, no babbling by 7 months
Common school-age concern with hearing impairment? speech-delay
Methods to support communication in hearing Sign language, lip reading, cued speech, speech therapy
impairment?
Environmental aids for hearing impairment? Flashing alarms, closed captioning
Major ototoxic medication? gentamicin
Key prevention strategies for hearing loss? Treat otitis media, avoid loud noise exposure
Eye prophylaxis at birth? Erythromycin ointment
What is retinopathy of prematurity? Abnormal retinal development in preterm infants
Key nursing interventions for hospitalized sensory- Orient child, ensure safety, provide reassurance, picture boards, consistent
impaired children? caregivers
