A reduction in the amount of speech and/or increased
Alogia
pausing before the initiation of speech.
A reduction in the drive or ability to take the steps or en-
Anhedonia/amotivation gage in actions necessary to obtain the potentially positive
outcome.
Behaviors that seem to reflect a reduction in responsive-
ness to the external environment. This can include hold-
Catatonia ing unusual postures for long periods of time, failing to
respond to verbal or motor prompts from another person,
or excessive and seemingly purposeless motor activity.
False beliefs that are often fixed, hard to change even in
Delusions the presence of conflicting information, and often cultur-
ally influenced in their content.
The specific criteria used to determine whether an individ-
ual has a specific type of psychiatric disorder. Commonly
used diagnostic criteria are included in the Diagnostic and
Diagnostic criteria
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, 5th Edition (DSM-5)
and the Internal Classification of Disorders, Version 9
(ICD-9).
Behavior or dress that is outside the norm for almost all
subcultures. This would include odd dress, odd makeup
Disorganized behavior
(e.g., lipstick outlining a mouth for 1 inch), or unusual
rituals (e.g., repetitive hand gestures).
Speech that is diflcult to follow, either because answers
Disorganized speech do not clearly follow questions or because one sentence
does not logically follow from another.
A neurotransmitter in the brain that is thought to play an
Dopamine important role in regulating the function of other neuro-
transmitters.
Episodic memory 1/2