ATI RN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL
NGN TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
◉ bacterial meningitis. Answer: is an emergency and IV antibitoics are
needed ASAP
◉ stress fracture. Answer: a small crack in the bone that often develops
from chronic, excessive impact
◉ adults body fluids. Answer: 50-60% of total body weight is water
◉ infants body fluids. Answer: 15-80% of total body wt is water
◉ 2/3 body weight. Answer: is intracellular
◉ 1/3 body weight. Answer: is extracellular
◉ 1 kg (2.2 lb) of body weight. Answer: is approximately 1 L of fluid
◉ older adults. Answer: have less body water and decreased thirst
sensation
,◉ fluid volume deficit factors. Answer: excess GI and/or renal loss
diaphoresis
fever
long term NPO
hemorrhage
burns
◉ fluid volume deficit manifestations. Answer: weight loss, dry mucus
membranes, increased HR and RR, thready pulse, capillary refill less
than 3 seconds, weakness, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, poor skin
turgor
-urine output less than 25 mL/hr
-high hematocrit (>45%)
-BUN >20
-tenting of skin
◉ fluid volume deficit LATE signs. Answer: oliguria, decreased CVP,
flattened neck veins
◉ hypertonic dehydration. Answer: less sodium than water is lost
-sodium >145
-spec graph >1.03
,◉ high urine specific gravity. Answer: body is dehydrated and
conserving water
-concentrated urine
◉ mild to moderate dehydration. Answer: dry skin and increased thirst
◉ severe dehydration. Answer: pulse >100
cold extremities
◉ central venous pressure. Answer: venous blood pressure within the
right atrium that influences the pressure in the large peripheral veins
◉ normal output. Answer: 0.5 mL/kg/hr
no more than 2000mL/day
◉ isotonic IVF. Answer: treatment of vascular system fluid deficit
-concentration = to plasma
-prevent fluid shift between compartments
◉ isotonic solutions. Answer: normal saline
lactated ringer's
5% dextrose in water
, ◉ hypotonic IVF. Answer: treatment of intracellular dehydration
-lower osmolality than the ECF
-shift fluid from ECF to ICF
◉ hypotonic solutions. Answer: 0.45% NS
2.5% dextrose in 0.45% saline
small numbers --> big cells
◉ hypertonic IVF. Answer: used only when serum osmolality is
critically low
-osmolality higher than the ECF
-shift fluid from ICF to ECF
◉ hypertonic solutions. Answer: 10% Dextrose in Water, 5% Dextrose
in 0.45% Saline, 5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline
-big numbers --> shink cells
◉ fluid volume excess. Answer: Fluid intake or fluid retention that
EXCEEDS the fluid needs of the body
NGN TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
◉ bacterial meningitis. Answer: is an emergency and IV antibitoics are
needed ASAP
◉ stress fracture. Answer: a small crack in the bone that often develops
from chronic, excessive impact
◉ adults body fluids. Answer: 50-60% of total body weight is water
◉ infants body fluids. Answer: 15-80% of total body wt is water
◉ 2/3 body weight. Answer: is intracellular
◉ 1/3 body weight. Answer: is extracellular
◉ 1 kg (2.2 lb) of body weight. Answer: is approximately 1 L of fluid
◉ older adults. Answer: have less body water and decreased thirst
sensation
,◉ fluid volume deficit factors. Answer: excess GI and/or renal loss
diaphoresis
fever
long term NPO
hemorrhage
burns
◉ fluid volume deficit manifestations. Answer: weight loss, dry mucus
membranes, increased HR and RR, thready pulse, capillary refill less
than 3 seconds, weakness, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, poor skin
turgor
-urine output less than 25 mL/hr
-high hematocrit (>45%)
-BUN >20
-tenting of skin
◉ fluid volume deficit LATE signs. Answer: oliguria, decreased CVP,
flattened neck veins
◉ hypertonic dehydration. Answer: less sodium than water is lost
-sodium >145
-spec graph >1.03
,◉ high urine specific gravity. Answer: body is dehydrated and
conserving water
-concentrated urine
◉ mild to moderate dehydration. Answer: dry skin and increased thirst
◉ severe dehydration. Answer: pulse >100
cold extremities
◉ central venous pressure. Answer: venous blood pressure within the
right atrium that influences the pressure in the large peripheral veins
◉ normal output. Answer: 0.5 mL/kg/hr
no more than 2000mL/day
◉ isotonic IVF. Answer: treatment of vascular system fluid deficit
-concentration = to plasma
-prevent fluid shift between compartments
◉ isotonic solutions. Answer: normal saline
lactated ringer's
5% dextrose in water
, ◉ hypotonic IVF. Answer: treatment of intracellular dehydration
-lower osmolality than the ECF
-shift fluid from ECF to ICF
◉ hypotonic solutions. Answer: 0.45% NS
2.5% dextrose in 0.45% saline
small numbers --> big cells
◉ hypertonic IVF. Answer: used only when serum osmolality is
critically low
-osmolality higher than the ECF
-shift fluid from ICF to ECF
◉ hypertonic solutions. Answer: 10% Dextrose in Water, 5% Dextrose
in 0.45% Saline, 5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline
-big numbers --> shink cells
◉ fluid volume excess. Answer: Fluid intake or fluid retention that
EXCEEDS the fluid needs of the body
