DMSU 210 Exam 1 2026 – Diagnostic Medical Sonography Fundamentals Study
Guide and Review
Benign, congenital malformation; 2nd most prevalent; oral birth control use
Females <40 yrs old; asymptomatic; asymptomatic but may cause pain
Well defined; hyperechoic; No treatment usually necessayr
This most likely represents....... - correct answer ✔✔ focal nodular hyperplasia
___________________are rare tumors in the liver composed of fat cells. - correct answer ✔✔
lipomas
A serum _____ level of twice normal usually indicates acute pancreatitis. - correct answer ✔✔
amylase
_____ is used to create the "twinkle artifact" characteristic of renal calculi. - correct answer ✔✔
Color Doppler
A patient with painless jaundice, weight loss, and a decrease in appetite should be evaluated
for: - correct answer ✔✔ Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
The normal size of the pancreatic duct is less than _____ mm. - correct answer ✔✔ 2
The tail of the pancreas is located: - correct answer ✔✔ anterior to the left kidney, near the
splenic hilum
The microscopic collection of cells within the tissues of the pancreas is called? - correct answer
✔✔ Islets of Langerhans
, A gallbladder with multiple septate, multiple polyps, and comet-tail artifact on sonography is
consistent with: - correct answer ✔✔ Adenomyomatosis
Optimal imaging of the gallbladder in the average patient generally requires a _________
frequency transducer. - correct answer ✔✔ Lower
The key to identifying pancreatic anatomy is - correct answer ✔✔ Vascular landmarks
Echogenic capsule
Relationship to the liver
A 31-year-old man is seen in the emergency department with severe midepigastric pain that
radiates to his back and with nausea and vomiting that came on suddenly with a fever 24 hours
previously. The laboratory blood work results show an elevated white blood cell count,
moderately elevated amylase level, and mildly elevated lipase. With further questioning, the
patient admits to an alcoholic binge with old college buddies 2 days ago. An ultrasound
examination of the upper abdomen reveals an irregular hypoechoic region in the tail of the
pancreas. What is the likely diagnosis? - correct answer ✔✔ acute focal pancreatitis
Passive liver congestion results in the liver being large with dilated hepatic veins and IVC that do
not change with respiration. This pathology results from: - correct answer ✔✔ congestive heart
failure
What echogenic intraluminal projection does not change location with a change in the patient's
position and does not cast an acoustic shadow? - correct answer ✔✔ Polyp
When would the sonographer NOT be able to image a thickened gallbladder wall? - correct
answer ✔✔ Postcholecystectomy
Acute cholecystitis is most likely to occur secondary to which entity? - correct answer ✔✔
Calculi impaction in the cystic duct
Guide and Review
Benign, congenital malformation; 2nd most prevalent; oral birth control use
Females <40 yrs old; asymptomatic; asymptomatic but may cause pain
Well defined; hyperechoic; No treatment usually necessayr
This most likely represents....... - correct answer ✔✔ focal nodular hyperplasia
___________________are rare tumors in the liver composed of fat cells. - correct answer ✔✔
lipomas
A serum _____ level of twice normal usually indicates acute pancreatitis. - correct answer ✔✔
amylase
_____ is used to create the "twinkle artifact" characteristic of renal calculi. - correct answer ✔✔
Color Doppler
A patient with painless jaundice, weight loss, and a decrease in appetite should be evaluated
for: - correct answer ✔✔ Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
The normal size of the pancreatic duct is less than _____ mm. - correct answer ✔✔ 2
The tail of the pancreas is located: - correct answer ✔✔ anterior to the left kidney, near the
splenic hilum
The microscopic collection of cells within the tissues of the pancreas is called? - correct answer
✔✔ Islets of Langerhans
, A gallbladder with multiple septate, multiple polyps, and comet-tail artifact on sonography is
consistent with: - correct answer ✔✔ Adenomyomatosis
Optimal imaging of the gallbladder in the average patient generally requires a _________
frequency transducer. - correct answer ✔✔ Lower
The key to identifying pancreatic anatomy is - correct answer ✔✔ Vascular landmarks
Echogenic capsule
Relationship to the liver
A 31-year-old man is seen in the emergency department with severe midepigastric pain that
radiates to his back and with nausea and vomiting that came on suddenly with a fever 24 hours
previously. The laboratory blood work results show an elevated white blood cell count,
moderately elevated amylase level, and mildly elevated lipase. With further questioning, the
patient admits to an alcoholic binge with old college buddies 2 days ago. An ultrasound
examination of the upper abdomen reveals an irregular hypoechoic region in the tail of the
pancreas. What is the likely diagnosis? - correct answer ✔✔ acute focal pancreatitis
Passive liver congestion results in the liver being large with dilated hepatic veins and IVC that do
not change with respiration. This pathology results from: - correct answer ✔✔ congestive heart
failure
What echogenic intraluminal projection does not change location with a change in the patient's
position and does not cast an acoustic shadow? - correct answer ✔✔ Polyp
When would the sonographer NOT be able to image a thickened gallbladder wall? - correct
answer ✔✔ Postcholecystectomy
Acute cholecystitis is most likely to occur secondary to which entity? - correct answer ✔✔
Calculi impaction in the cystic duct
