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Samenvatting Farmacologie 2 : hoofstuk 8

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2de jaar bachelor verpleegkunde, Vives Brugge semester 1

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Hoofdstuk 8 Middelen die het autonome
zenuwstelsel beïnvloeden
 Mimetica = stimuleren
 Lytica = remmen

8.1. Impulsoverdracht
 Zenuwcel in rustpotentiaal (negatief membraanpotentiaal)
- Spanningsverschil tussen binnenzijde en buitenzijde door verschil in
aantal (positief geladen) ionen K+ en Na+)
- Kaliumionen (binnen) en Natriumionen (buiten)
 Na/K pomp houdt spanning vast
 Bepaald prikkelbaarheid van de cel
 Zenuwcel wordt geprikkeld
- Depolarisatie
 Na-ionen stromen binnen cel
 Cel wordt positief geladen, buitenzijde is negatief
- Repolarisatie
 K-ionen stromen buiten cel
 Buitenzijde wordt positief geladen, binnenzijde negatief
 Actiepotentiaal
- Prikkel  depolarisatie  repolarisatie  Na/Kpomp  rustpotentiaal
- 1 impuls
- Zie ook instructiefilmpje over actiepotentiaal!! (dia 4)
 Het actiepotentiaal wordt overgebracht
- Axon
 Niet-gemyeliniseerd
 Nabijgelegen zenuwcellen ontwikkelen ook actiepotentialen
 Gemyeliniseerd
 Overdracht via knopen van Ranvier
 Snelle overdracht




 Presynaptische neuron
- Ontvangt actiepotentiaal
- Calciumpoorten openen zich
 Neurotransmitters komen vrij
 Synaptische spleet
- Neurotransmitters komen vrij


1

,  Postsynaptische receptoren
- Binding van neurotransmitters aan natriumpoorten
 Genoeg neurotransmitters?  depolarisatie
 Actiepotentaal vervolgt zijn weg




8.2. Autonoom zenuwstelsel
 In stand houden levensnoodzakelijke functies (homeostase)
 Beïnvloed door emoties
- Limbisch systeem (de delen van de hersenen die emotionaliteit
regelen)

8.2.1. Orthosympatisch zenuwstelsel (fight & flight)
 Nood aan verhoogde paraatheid
 Organen worden voorbereid

8.2.2. Parasympatisch zenuwstelsel (herstel en opbouw)
 Instandhouding organisme
 Spijsvertering




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