NU 673 MIDTERM COMPREHENSIVE TEST PAPER
2026 TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ A. are seen in CNS lesions of the descending corticospinal tract.
Look for associ- ated upper motor neuron findings of weakness,
spasticity, or a positive Babinski sign
B occur in lesions of the spinal nerve roots, spinal nerves, plexuses,
or peripheral nerves. Look for associ- ated findings of lower motor
unit dis- ease, namely weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations.
C. a technique involving isometric contraction of other muscles for
up to 10 seconds that may increase reflex activity. Answer: A.
Hyperreflexia
B. Hyporeflexia
C. Reinforcement
◉ A. The patient's elbow should be partially flexed and the forearm
pronated with palm down. Place your thumb or finger firmly on the
biceps tendon. Aim the strike with the reflex hammer directly
through your digit toward the biceps tendon
B. The patient may be sitting or supine. Flex the patient's arm at the
elbow, with palm toward the body, and pull it slightly across the
chest. Strike the triceps tendon with a direct blow directly behind
and just above the elbow
,C. patient's hand should rest on the abdomen or the lap, with the
forearm partly pronated. Strike the radius with the point or flat edge
of the reflex hammer, about 1 to 2 inches above the wrist
D. The patient may be either sitting or lying down as long as the
knee is flexed. Briskly tap the patellar tendon just below the patella
E. If the patient is sitting, partially dorsiflex the foot at the ankle.
Persuade the patient to relax. Strike the Achilles tendo. Answer: A.
Biceps reflex
B. Triceps reflex
C. Brachioradialis reflex
D. Patellar reflex
E. Achilles reflex- The slowed relaxation phase of reflexes in
hypothyroidism is often best detected during the ankle reflex.
F. Ankle clonus
◉ A. est the abdominal reflexes by lightly but briskly stroking each
side of the abdomen, above (T8, T9, T10) and below (T10, T11, T12)
the umbilicus
B. With a key or the wooden end of an applicator stick, stroke the
lateral aspect of the sole from the heel to the ball of the foot, curving
medially across the ball
C. Dorsiflexion of the big toe is a
D. Using a broken applicator stick or pinprick, lightly scratch the
anus on both sides. Watch for reflex contraction of the external anal
sphincter. Detection of the reflex contraction is facilitated by placing
,a gloved finger in the anus during testing.. Answer: A. Abdominal
reflex
B. Plantar response
C. Positive babinski- arising from a CNS lesion affecting the corti-
cospinal tract (sensitivity ∼50%; speci- ficity 99%).96 The Babinski
response can be transiently positive in uncon- scious states from
drug or alcohol intoxication and during the postictal period
following a seizure.
D. Anal reflex
◉ A. Flexion of both the hips and knees is a
B. Pain and increased resistance to knee extension are a
C. with the patient supine, place your hands behind the patient's
head and flex the neck forward, if possible until the chin touches the
chest. Normally the neck is supple, and the patient can easily bend
the head and neck forward.. Answer: A. Positive brudzinski sign
B. Positive kernig sign
C. Nuchal rigidity
- Inflammation in the subarachnoid space causes resistance to
movement that stretches the spinal nerves (neck flexion), the
femoral nerve (Brudzinski sign), and the sciatic nerve (Kernig sign).
(Bickley)
, Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History
Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook
file.
◉ A. Pain radiating into the ipsilateral leg is a
B. Increased pain when the contralateral healthy leg is raised is a
C. Sudden, brief, nonrhythmic flexion of the hands and fingers
followed by recovery indicates
D. the medial border of the scapula juts backward (Fig. 17-66),
suspicious for weakness of the trape- zius or serratus anterior
muscle (seen in muscular dystrophy), or injury to the long thoracic
nerve.. Answer: A. positive straight leg test for lumbo- sacral
radiculopathy.
B. positive crossed straight-leg raise sign.
C. Asterixis- seen in liver disease, uremia, and hypercapnia.
D. Winging
◉ A. The alert patient opens the eyes, looks at you, and responds
fully and appropriately to stimuli (arousal intact).
B. The patient appears drowsy but opens the eyes and looks at you,
responds to questions, and then falls asleep.
C. opens the eyes and looks at you but responds slowly and is
somewhat confused. Alertness and interest in the environment are
decreased.
2026 TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ A. are seen in CNS lesions of the descending corticospinal tract.
Look for associ- ated upper motor neuron findings of weakness,
spasticity, or a positive Babinski sign
B occur in lesions of the spinal nerve roots, spinal nerves, plexuses,
or peripheral nerves. Look for associ- ated findings of lower motor
unit dis- ease, namely weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations.
C. a technique involving isometric contraction of other muscles for
up to 10 seconds that may increase reflex activity. Answer: A.
Hyperreflexia
B. Hyporeflexia
C. Reinforcement
◉ A. The patient's elbow should be partially flexed and the forearm
pronated with palm down. Place your thumb or finger firmly on the
biceps tendon. Aim the strike with the reflex hammer directly
through your digit toward the biceps tendon
B. The patient may be sitting or supine. Flex the patient's arm at the
elbow, with palm toward the body, and pull it slightly across the
chest. Strike the triceps tendon with a direct blow directly behind
and just above the elbow
,C. patient's hand should rest on the abdomen or the lap, with the
forearm partly pronated. Strike the radius with the point or flat edge
of the reflex hammer, about 1 to 2 inches above the wrist
D. The patient may be either sitting or lying down as long as the
knee is flexed. Briskly tap the patellar tendon just below the patella
E. If the patient is sitting, partially dorsiflex the foot at the ankle.
Persuade the patient to relax. Strike the Achilles tendo. Answer: A.
Biceps reflex
B. Triceps reflex
C. Brachioradialis reflex
D. Patellar reflex
E. Achilles reflex- The slowed relaxation phase of reflexes in
hypothyroidism is often best detected during the ankle reflex.
F. Ankle clonus
◉ A. est the abdominal reflexes by lightly but briskly stroking each
side of the abdomen, above (T8, T9, T10) and below (T10, T11, T12)
the umbilicus
B. With a key or the wooden end of an applicator stick, stroke the
lateral aspect of the sole from the heel to the ball of the foot, curving
medially across the ball
C. Dorsiflexion of the big toe is a
D. Using a broken applicator stick or pinprick, lightly scratch the
anus on both sides. Watch for reflex contraction of the external anal
sphincter. Detection of the reflex contraction is facilitated by placing
,a gloved finger in the anus during testing.. Answer: A. Abdominal
reflex
B. Plantar response
C. Positive babinski- arising from a CNS lesion affecting the corti-
cospinal tract (sensitivity ∼50%; speci- ficity 99%).96 The Babinski
response can be transiently positive in uncon- scious states from
drug or alcohol intoxication and during the postictal period
following a seizure.
D. Anal reflex
◉ A. Flexion of both the hips and knees is a
B. Pain and increased resistance to knee extension are a
C. with the patient supine, place your hands behind the patient's
head and flex the neck forward, if possible until the chin touches the
chest. Normally the neck is supple, and the patient can easily bend
the head and neck forward.. Answer: A. Positive brudzinski sign
B. Positive kernig sign
C. Nuchal rigidity
- Inflammation in the subarachnoid space causes resistance to
movement that stretches the spinal nerves (neck flexion), the
femoral nerve (Brudzinski sign), and the sciatic nerve (Kernig sign).
(Bickley)
, Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History
Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook
file.
◉ A. Pain radiating into the ipsilateral leg is a
B. Increased pain when the contralateral healthy leg is raised is a
C. Sudden, brief, nonrhythmic flexion of the hands and fingers
followed by recovery indicates
D. the medial border of the scapula juts backward (Fig. 17-66),
suspicious for weakness of the trape- zius or serratus anterior
muscle (seen in muscular dystrophy), or injury to the long thoracic
nerve.. Answer: A. positive straight leg test for lumbo- sacral
radiculopathy.
B. positive crossed straight-leg raise sign.
C. Asterixis- seen in liver disease, uremia, and hypercapnia.
D. Winging
◉ A. The alert patient opens the eyes, looks at you, and responds
fully and appropriately to stimuli (arousal intact).
B. The patient appears drowsy but opens the eyes and looks at you,
responds to questions, and then falls asleep.
C. opens the eyes and looks at you but responds slowly and is
somewhat confused. Alertness and interest in the environment are
decreased.
