CRYPTOGRAPHY PREPARATION TEST
2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
●● Mono-Alphabet Substitution Cipher. Answer: Algorithms that simply
substitute one character of cipher text for one character of plain text,
these are the most primitive algorithms
●● Caesar Cipher. Answer: Every letter is simply shifted a fixed number
of places to the left or to the right
●● Atbash Cipher. Answer: Hebrew cipher which substitutes the first
letter of the alphabet for the last, and the second letter for the second-to-
last, in other words, it simply reverses the alphabet.
●● Affine Cipher. Answer: Any single substitution alphabet ciphers
where each letter in the alphabet is mapped to some numeric value,
permuted with some relatively simple mathematical function, and then
converted back to a letter.
The formula for any basic cipher of this type is ax+b(modM), M being
the size of the alphabet, so for example Caeser cipher would be
1x+3(mod26)
2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
●● Mono-Alphabet Substitution Cipher. Answer: Algorithms that simply
substitute one character of cipher text for one character of plain text,
these are the most primitive algorithms
●● Caesar Cipher. Answer: Every letter is simply shifted a fixed number
of places to the left or to the right
●● Atbash Cipher. Answer: Hebrew cipher which substitutes the first
letter of the alphabet for the last, and the second letter for the second-to-
last, in other words, it simply reverses the alphabet.
●● Affine Cipher. Answer: Any single substitution alphabet ciphers
where each letter in the alphabet is mapped to some numeric value,
permuted with some relatively simple mathematical function, and then
converted back to a letter.
The formula for any basic cipher of this type is ax+b(modM), M being
the size of the alphabet, so for example Caeser cipher would be
1x+3(mod26)
