NSG 318 Exam 4: 2026.
NSG 318 Exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hjimyn
1. Penicillins: Broad-spectrum penicillin that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis (bactericidal).
2. Amoxicillin: Prototype of penicillins used for OM, tonsillitis, sinusitis, UTIs, gastric ulcers, skin and respiratory
infections.
3. Cephalosporins: 3rd Generation Cephalosporin that inhibits cell wall synthesis (bactericidal).
4. Ceftriaxone (Rocephin): Prototype of cephalosporins used for OM, meningitis, gonorrhea, surgical
prophylaxis, skin, joint, UTI, gynecologic infections.
5. Macrolides: Class of antibiotics that inhibits protein synthesis (static at low doses, cidal at high doses).
6. Azithromycin: Prototype of macrolides used for conjunctivitis, OM, sinusitis, STIs, skin/respiratory infections.
7. Tetracyclines: Class of antibiotics that inhibits protein synthesis (bacteriostatic).
8. Doxycycline: Prototype of tetracyclines used for acne, STIs, rickettsia, plague, cholera, respiratory/skin/UTIs.
9. Aminoglycosides: Class of antibiotics that inhibits protein synthesis (bactericidal).
10. Gentamicin Sulfate: Prototype of aminoglycosides used for serious infections (sepsis, meningitis, respi-
ratory, UTI, intraabdominal).
11. Fluoroquinolones: Class of antibiotics that inhibits DNA gyrase (bactericidal).
12. Levofloxacin (Levaquin): Prototype of fluoroquinolones used for anthrax, skin, UTI, respiratory, bone,
abdominal infections.
13. Sulfonamides: Class of antibiotics that inhibits folic acid synthesis (bactericidal).
14. TMP-SMX (Bactrim): Prototype of sulfonamides used for MRSA, UTI, OM, respiratory infections.
15. Antituberculars: Class of drugs that inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis.
16. Isoniazid (INH): Prototype of antituberculars used for active & latent TB.
17. MOA (Mechanism of Action): The method by which a drug produces its effects, such as inhibiting cell
wall synthesis or protein synthesis.
18. Side Effects: Unwanted effects that occur in addition to the desired therapeutic effects of a drug.
19. Adverse Effects: Severe, harmful effects that can occur with drug use, such as superinfection or hepatotox-
icity.
20. Nursing Considerations: Important factors for nurses to monitor or educate patients about when
administering medications.
21. Interactions: How a drug may affect or be affected by other substances, including other medications or food.
22. Avoid: Recommendations on what should not be done or consumed while taking a specific medication.
23. Uses: Conditions or diseases for which a drug is prescribed.
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, NSG 318 Exam 4: 2026.
NSG 318 Exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hjimyn
24. Nystatin (Mycostatin): Binds sterols, causing cell leakage; used for candidiasis (oral, vaginal, skin); side
effects include GI upset (oral), skin irritation (topical); adverse effects include SJS, tachycardia, bronchospasm; nursing
considerations include swish/swallow or apply thin layer.
25. Fluconazole (Diflucan): ‘fungal membrane permeability; used for Candida infections, cryptococcal
meningitis, BMT prophylaxis; side effects include GI upset, headache, rash, hypokalemia; adverse effects include
hepatic/renal failure, SJS, fatal arrhythmias; nursing considerations include monitoring LFTs and avoiding alcohol and
caffeine (‘levels).
26. Acyclovir (Zovirax): Inhibits viral DNA polymerase; used for herpes simplex, varicella; side effects include
GI upset, pruritus, tremors; adverse effects include nephrotoxicity, blood dyscrasias, seizures; nursing considerations
include increasing fluids and monitoring kidney function.
27. Metronidazole (Flagyl): Disrupts DNA synthesis (anaerobes); used for GI infections, H. pylori, C. diff,
vaginitis; side effects include metallic taste, dizziness, flushing; adverse effects include neuropathy, seizures; nursing
considerations include no alcohol (disulfiram reaction) and monitoring LFTs, BUN, platelets.
28. Ivermectin (Stromectol): Destroys parasitic worms; used for roundworms, scabies, strongyloidiasis;
side effects include pruritus, dizziness, GI upset; adverse effects are rare - seizures, hypotension; nursing considerations
include assessing travel and food history and teaching hand hygiene and safe food prep.
29. Ceftriaxone: 3rd-generation cephalosporin; inhibits cell wall synthesis ’cell lysis (bactericidal); used for OM,
meningitis, gonorrhea, surgical prophylaxis, UTI, skin & bone infections; major adverse effects include seizures, SJS,
nephrotoxicity, superinfection (C. diff).
30. Levofloxacin: Fluoroquinolone; inhibits DNA gyrase ’prevents DNA replication (bactericidal); used for skin,
bone, respiratory, urinary, gynecologic infections; anthrax, plague; major adverse effects include seizures, SJS, dys-
rhythmias, hepatotoxicity, suicidal ideation.
31. Metronidazole (Peptide/Antiprotozoal): Disrupts DNA synthesis in anaerobic bacteria ’cell
death; used for H. pylori, anaerobic GI infections, C. diff, vaginitis; major adverse effects include seizures, peripheral
neuropathy, optic nerve damage.
32. Metronidazole and Alcohol: Alcohol must be avoided — combining alcohol with this drug causes a
disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, nausea, cramps).
33. Fluconazole and Caffeine: Avoid caffeine (e.g., coffee, green tea, energy drinks) due to increased
serum caffeine levels.
34. Azithromycin and Grapefruit Juice: Grapefruit juice and herbal CYP3A4 inhibitors may raise risk of
QT prolongation.
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4/9/2026, 12:41:43 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:41 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:40 PM
NSG 318 Exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hjimyn
1. Penicillins: Broad-spectrum penicillin that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis (bactericidal).
2. Amoxicillin: Prototype of penicillins used for OM, tonsillitis, sinusitis, UTIs, gastric ulcers, skin and respiratory
infections.
3. Cephalosporins: 3rd Generation Cephalosporin that inhibits cell wall synthesis (bactericidal).
4. Ceftriaxone (Rocephin): Prototype of cephalosporins used for OM, meningitis, gonorrhea, surgical
prophylaxis, skin, joint, UTI, gynecologic infections.
5. Macrolides: Class of antibiotics that inhibits protein synthesis (static at low doses, cidal at high doses).
6. Azithromycin: Prototype of macrolides used for conjunctivitis, OM, sinusitis, STIs, skin/respiratory infections.
7. Tetracyclines: Class of antibiotics that inhibits protein synthesis (bacteriostatic).
8. Doxycycline: Prototype of tetracyclines used for acne, STIs, rickettsia, plague, cholera, respiratory/skin/UTIs.
9. Aminoglycosides: Class of antibiotics that inhibits protein synthesis (bactericidal).
10. Gentamicin Sulfate: Prototype of aminoglycosides used for serious infections (sepsis, meningitis, respi-
ratory, UTI, intraabdominal).
11. Fluoroquinolones: Class of antibiotics that inhibits DNA gyrase (bactericidal).
12. Levofloxacin (Levaquin): Prototype of fluoroquinolones used for anthrax, skin, UTI, respiratory, bone,
abdominal infections.
13. Sulfonamides: Class of antibiotics that inhibits folic acid synthesis (bactericidal).
14. TMP-SMX (Bactrim): Prototype of sulfonamides used for MRSA, UTI, OM, respiratory infections.
15. Antituberculars: Class of drugs that inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis.
16. Isoniazid (INH): Prototype of antituberculars used for active & latent TB.
17. MOA (Mechanism of Action): The method by which a drug produces its effects, such as inhibiting cell
wall synthesis or protein synthesis.
18. Side Effects: Unwanted effects that occur in addition to the desired therapeutic effects of a drug.
19. Adverse Effects: Severe, harmful effects that can occur with drug use, such as superinfection or hepatotox-
icity.
20. Nursing Considerations: Important factors for nurses to monitor or educate patients about when
administering medications.
21. Interactions: How a drug may affect or be affected by other substances, including other medications or food.
22. Avoid: Recommendations on what should not be done or consumed while taking a specific medication.
23. Uses: Conditions or diseases for which a drug is prescribed.
1/7
4/9/2026, 12:41:43 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:41 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:40 PM
, NSG 318 Exam 4: 2026.
NSG 318 Exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hjimyn
24. Nystatin (Mycostatin): Binds sterols, causing cell leakage; used for candidiasis (oral, vaginal, skin); side
effects include GI upset (oral), skin irritation (topical); adverse effects include SJS, tachycardia, bronchospasm; nursing
considerations include swish/swallow or apply thin layer.
25. Fluconazole (Diflucan): ‘fungal membrane permeability; used for Candida infections, cryptococcal
meningitis, BMT prophylaxis; side effects include GI upset, headache, rash, hypokalemia; adverse effects include
hepatic/renal failure, SJS, fatal arrhythmias; nursing considerations include monitoring LFTs and avoiding alcohol and
caffeine (‘levels).
26. Acyclovir (Zovirax): Inhibits viral DNA polymerase; used for herpes simplex, varicella; side effects include
GI upset, pruritus, tremors; adverse effects include nephrotoxicity, blood dyscrasias, seizures; nursing considerations
include increasing fluids and monitoring kidney function.
27. Metronidazole (Flagyl): Disrupts DNA synthesis (anaerobes); used for GI infections, H. pylori, C. diff,
vaginitis; side effects include metallic taste, dizziness, flushing; adverse effects include neuropathy, seizures; nursing
considerations include no alcohol (disulfiram reaction) and monitoring LFTs, BUN, platelets.
28. Ivermectin (Stromectol): Destroys parasitic worms; used for roundworms, scabies, strongyloidiasis;
side effects include pruritus, dizziness, GI upset; adverse effects are rare - seizures, hypotension; nursing considerations
include assessing travel and food history and teaching hand hygiene and safe food prep.
29. Ceftriaxone: 3rd-generation cephalosporin; inhibits cell wall synthesis ’cell lysis (bactericidal); used for OM,
meningitis, gonorrhea, surgical prophylaxis, UTI, skin & bone infections; major adverse effects include seizures, SJS,
nephrotoxicity, superinfection (C. diff).
30. Levofloxacin: Fluoroquinolone; inhibits DNA gyrase ’prevents DNA replication (bactericidal); used for skin,
bone, respiratory, urinary, gynecologic infections; anthrax, plague; major adverse effects include seizures, SJS, dys-
rhythmias, hepatotoxicity, suicidal ideation.
31. Metronidazole (Peptide/Antiprotozoal): Disrupts DNA synthesis in anaerobic bacteria ’cell
death; used for H. pylori, anaerobic GI infections, C. diff, vaginitis; major adverse effects include seizures, peripheral
neuropathy, optic nerve damage.
32. Metronidazole and Alcohol: Alcohol must be avoided — combining alcohol with this drug causes a
disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, nausea, cramps).
33. Fluconazole and Caffeine: Avoid caffeine (e.g., coffee, green tea, energy drinks) due to increased
serum caffeine levels.
34. Azithromycin and Grapefruit Juice: Grapefruit juice and herbal CYP3A4 inhibitors may raise risk of
QT prolongation.
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