Test Bank Pathophysiology Concepts of Human Disease 1st Edition Matthew
Sorenson Chapter 1-53 | All Chapters 100 +
1
,2
,A patient with chronic heart failure reports worsening shortness of breath when
lying flat at night. What is the primary pathophysiological explanation for this
symptom?
A. Increased lung compliance during sleep
B. Redistribution of fluid into pulmonary circulation when supine
C. Decreased oxygen demand during sleep
D. Increased diaphragmatic strength at night
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In heart failure, lying flat increases venous return, worsening
pulmonary congestion and dyspnea (orthopnea).
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is admitted with dehydration and tachypnea.
What is the primary cause of dehydration in this condition?
A. Excess ADH secretion
B. Osmotic diuresis due to hyperglycemia
C. Increased sodium retention
D. Decreased renal filtration pressure only
3
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High glucose pulls water into urine, causing fluid loss.
A patient with sepsis develops confusion and hypotension. What is the primary
mechanism of organ dysfunction?
A. Increased oxygen delivery
B. Inflammatory cytokine–induced vasodilation and hypoperfusion
C. Increased blood viscosity
D. Decreased heart rate only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sepsis causes systemic vasodilation and impaired perfusion.
A patient with chronic kidney disease develops metabolic acidosis. What is the
primary cause?
A. Excess bicarbonate retention
B. Failure to excrete hydrogen ions and regenerate bicarbonate
4
Sorenson Chapter 1-53 | All Chapters 100 +
1
,2
,A patient with chronic heart failure reports worsening shortness of breath when
lying flat at night. What is the primary pathophysiological explanation for this
symptom?
A. Increased lung compliance during sleep
B. Redistribution of fluid into pulmonary circulation when supine
C. Decreased oxygen demand during sleep
D. Increased diaphragmatic strength at night
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In heart failure, lying flat increases venous return, worsening
pulmonary congestion and dyspnea (orthopnea).
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is admitted with dehydration and tachypnea.
What is the primary cause of dehydration in this condition?
A. Excess ADH secretion
B. Osmotic diuresis due to hyperglycemia
C. Increased sodium retention
D. Decreased renal filtration pressure only
3
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High glucose pulls water into urine, causing fluid loss.
A patient with sepsis develops confusion and hypotension. What is the primary
mechanism of organ dysfunction?
A. Increased oxygen delivery
B. Inflammatory cytokine–induced vasodilation and hypoperfusion
C. Increased blood viscosity
D. Decreased heart rate only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sepsis causes systemic vasodilation and impaired perfusion.
A patient with chronic kidney disease develops metabolic acidosis. What is the
primary cause?
A. Excess bicarbonate retention
B. Failure to excrete hydrogen ions and regenerate bicarbonate
4
