NSG 530 Exam 4 (2 Version Exams) | Advanced
Pathophysiology – Wilkes | Latest 2025/2026 | Actual
Questions & Answers | 100% Verified | 143 Questions
Complete Exam 4 Study Guide – Both Versions Included |
instant pdf download
This comprehensive document contains both Version 1 and Version 2 of the NSG 530
Exam 4 for Wilkes University's Advanced Pathophysiology course. Each question includes
the correct answer in bold with an italic explanation.
NSG 530 EXAM 4 – VERSION 1
1. Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with polycythemia vera
(PV)?
A) Fever and chills
B) Fatigue and weakness
C) Red face, hands, feet, ears, headache, drowsiness
D) Night sweats
Answer: C
Polycythemia vera is characterized by increased red blood cell mass, leading to symptoms
such as ruddy complexion, headaches, dizziness, and drowsiness due to impaired
circulation.
2. What laboratory findings are indicative of polycythemia vera?
A) Decreased erythrocytes and leukocytes
B) Increased erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
C) Normal blood cell counts
D) Decreased hemoglobin levels
,Answer: B
Patients with polycythemia vera typically exhibit elevated levels of red blood cells
(erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets, reflecting the myeloproliferative
nature of the condition.
3. Which myeloproliferative disorder is characterized by increased blood volume and
viscosity?
A) Essential thrombocythemia
B) Chronic myeloid leukemia
C) Polycythemia vera
D) Myelodysplastic syndrome
Answer: C
Polycythemia vera is known for increased blood cell production, resulting in elevated blood
volume (hypervolemia) and viscosity, which can lead to complications like thrombosis.
4. A 57-year-old male presents with a red face, headache, and excessive drowsiness.
A blood smear shows increased erythrocytes. What condition does this indicate?
A) Iron deficiency anemia
B) Thrombocytopenia
C) Polycythemia vera (PV)
D) Aplastic anemia
Answer: C
The described symptoms and laboratory findings are characteristic of polycythemia vera, a
myeloproliferative neoplasm resulting in excessive erythrocyte production.
5. What symptom is a 67-year-old female patient with polycythemia vera most likely
to report?
A) Swelling in the lower extremities
B) Chest pain
C) Nausea
D) Coughing
,Answer: B
Chest pain is common in patients with polycythemia vera due to increased blood viscosity,
leading to reduced perfusion and potential ischemic events.
6. What type of inherited disorder are alpha and beta thalassemias classified as?
A) X-linked dominant
B) Autosomal dominant
C) Autosomal recessive
D) Multifactorial
Answer: C
Both alpha and beta thalassemias are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner,
meaning two copies of the mutated gene are required for the disease to manifest.
7. The presence of abnormal hemoglobin, specifically Hb S, is characteristic of which
condition?
A) Sickle Cell Disease
B) Iron Deficiency Anemia
C) Thalassemia
D) Aplastic Anemia
Answer: A
Hemoglobin S is an abnormal variant resulting from a genetic mutation that leads to sickle-
shaped red blood cells, characteristic of sickle cell disease.
8. Explain the important role of folic acid supplementation for women trying to
conceive or early in pregnancy. What does it prevent?
A) Anemia
B) Neural tube defects
C) Gestational diabetes
D) Miscarriage
, Answer: B
Folic acid is essential in preventing neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and
anencephaly, during fetal development, particularly in the early stages of pregnancy.
9. What nutrient should a nurse encourage women in early stages of pregnancy to
consume to prevent neural tube defects?
A) Iron
B) Calcium
C) Vitamin D
D) Folic acid
Answer: D
Folic acid is critical for DNA synthesis and cell growth, making it vital in the early stages of
pregnancy to minimize the risk of neural tube defects.
10. What genetic change occurs in sickle cell disease, particularly regarding
hemoglobin S?
A) A substitution of one amino acid (glutamic acid) with another (valine)
B) A deletion of the beta-globin gene
C) An addition of a histidine residue
D) A frameshift mutation in the alpha-globin gene
Answer: A
In sickle cell disease, the mutation leads to the substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the
beta-globin chain, resulting in the formation of hemoglobin S, which causes red blood cells
to deform under low oxygen conditions.
11. Which amino acid is present in hemoglobin S (Hb S) and not present in normal
hemoglobin?
A) Glutamic acid
B) Glycine
C) Valine
D) Serine
Pathophysiology – Wilkes | Latest 2025/2026 | Actual
Questions & Answers | 100% Verified | 143 Questions
Complete Exam 4 Study Guide – Both Versions Included |
instant pdf download
This comprehensive document contains both Version 1 and Version 2 of the NSG 530
Exam 4 for Wilkes University's Advanced Pathophysiology course. Each question includes
the correct answer in bold with an italic explanation.
NSG 530 EXAM 4 – VERSION 1
1. Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with polycythemia vera
(PV)?
A) Fever and chills
B) Fatigue and weakness
C) Red face, hands, feet, ears, headache, drowsiness
D) Night sweats
Answer: C
Polycythemia vera is characterized by increased red blood cell mass, leading to symptoms
such as ruddy complexion, headaches, dizziness, and drowsiness due to impaired
circulation.
2. What laboratory findings are indicative of polycythemia vera?
A) Decreased erythrocytes and leukocytes
B) Increased erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
C) Normal blood cell counts
D) Decreased hemoglobin levels
,Answer: B
Patients with polycythemia vera typically exhibit elevated levels of red blood cells
(erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets, reflecting the myeloproliferative
nature of the condition.
3. Which myeloproliferative disorder is characterized by increased blood volume and
viscosity?
A) Essential thrombocythemia
B) Chronic myeloid leukemia
C) Polycythemia vera
D) Myelodysplastic syndrome
Answer: C
Polycythemia vera is known for increased blood cell production, resulting in elevated blood
volume (hypervolemia) and viscosity, which can lead to complications like thrombosis.
4. A 57-year-old male presents with a red face, headache, and excessive drowsiness.
A blood smear shows increased erythrocytes. What condition does this indicate?
A) Iron deficiency anemia
B) Thrombocytopenia
C) Polycythemia vera (PV)
D) Aplastic anemia
Answer: C
The described symptoms and laboratory findings are characteristic of polycythemia vera, a
myeloproliferative neoplasm resulting in excessive erythrocyte production.
5. What symptom is a 67-year-old female patient with polycythemia vera most likely
to report?
A) Swelling in the lower extremities
B) Chest pain
C) Nausea
D) Coughing
,Answer: B
Chest pain is common in patients with polycythemia vera due to increased blood viscosity,
leading to reduced perfusion and potential ischemic events.
6. What type of inherited disorder are alpha and beta thalassemias classified as?
A) X-linked dominant
B) Autosomal dominant
C) Autosomal recessive
D) Multifactorial
Answer: C
Both alpha and beta thalassemias are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner,
meaning two copies of the mutated gene are required for the disease to manifest.
7. The presence of abnormal hemoglobin, specifically Hb S, is characteristic of which
condition?
A) Sickle Cell Disease
B) Iron Deficiency Anemia
C) Thalassemia
D) Aplastic Anemia
Answer: A
Hemoglobin S is an abnormal variant resulting from a genetic mutation that leads to sickle-
shaped red blood cells, characteristic of sickle cell disease.
8. Explain the important role of folic acid supplementation for women trying to
conceive or early in pregnancy. What does it prevent?
A) Anemia
B) Neural tube defects
C) Gestational diabetes
D) Miscarriage
, Answer: B
Folic acid is essential in preventing neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and
anencephaly, during fetal development, particularly in the early stages of pregnancy.
9. What nutrient should a nurse encourage women in early stages of pregnancy to
consume to prevent neural tube defects?
A) Iron
B) Calcium
C) Vitamin D
D) Folic acid
Answer: D
Folic acid is critical for DNA synthesis and cell growth, making it vital in the early stages of
pregnancy to minimize the risk of neural tube defects.
10. What genetic change occurs in sickle cell disease, particularly regarding
hemoglobin S?
A) A substitution of one amino acid (glutamic acid) with another (valine)
B) A deletion of the beta-globin gene
C) An addition of a histidine residue
D) A frameshift mutation in the alpha-globin gene
Answer: A
In sickle cell disease, the mutation leads to the substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the
beta-globin chain, resulting in the formation of hemoglobin S, which causes red blood cells
to deform under low oxygen conditions.
11. Which amino acid is present in hemoglobin S (Hb S) and not present in normal
hemoglobin?
A) Glutamic acid
B) Glycine
C) Valine
D) Serine
