CO TURF QS TEST FINAL STUDY PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ What are four important questions to ask when trying to diagnose
whether the issue is due to pesticide resistance? Answer: Has the
pest species been controlled effectively with this product in the
past?
Has the likelihood of all other possible causes of pesticide failure
been eliminated?
Were the other pest species on the label, except this one, controlled
effectively?
Does this site have a history of continuous use of the same pesticide
or a different pesticide with the same SOA?
◉ What impacts the speed at which plants become resistant to a
pesticide? (5) Answer: Cultural practices
Frequency of pesticide use
Pesticide SOA (MOA)
Biology of the pest species
Frequency of resistant biotypes among the pest species
◉ Recommendations to reduce pesticide resistance (6) Answer: Use
pesticides only when necessary
,Rotate pesticides (SOAs)
Apply pesticides in a tank mix with different SOAs
Combine, where feasible, mechanical and cultural control practices
Monitor turf and identify pests present and respond quickly to
changes
Clean equipment before moving to a new area
◉ What are arthropods? Answer: An animal with no internal spine, a
body made of joined segments, and a hard covering
◉ Arthropod exoskeleton Answer: A hard exterior covering that
protects the animal
◉ Arachnids Answer: A member of a major arthropod group that
includes spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites. All members have eight
pairs of legs
◉ Define insects Answer: Three legs (for adults) and three body
parts - head, abdomen, and thorax
◉ Metamorphosis Answer: A change in shape, form, and/or size that
insects undergo
,◉ Simple metamorphosis Answer: The progression of an insect from
egg to nymph to adult
◉ Nymphs Answer: The immature form of insects that look like
small adults without fully developed wings
◉ Instars Answer: Immature stages of insects between molts.
Typically there are 3-5 in insects
◉ Common turf pests that go through simple metamorphosis (6)
Answer: Aphids
Leafhoppers
True bugs
Crickets
Grasshoppers
Thrips
◉ Complete metamorphosis Answer: Insect development consisting
of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult
◉ What stage of insect (doing complete metamorphosis) is most
damaging to turf? Answer: The larva stage when they are feeding a
growing the most
, ◉ Common insects that go through complete metamorphosis
Answer: Beetles
Butterflies/moths
Flies
◉ Differences between arachnids and arthropods Answer: Arach
have 4 pairs of legs and 2 body segments instead of 3 pairs and 3
body segments
◉ Do most arachnids go through simple or complete
metamorhphosis? Answer: Simple
◉ Macrodecomposers Answer: Insects that process dead and
decaying organic matter and recycle and mix nutrients into the soil
◉ Examples of insect predators (4) Answer: Lady beetles
Ground beetles
Spiders
Paper wasps
◉ Parasitoids Answer: Insects that lay eggs in or on other insects
that serve as hosts for their young, which then develop within or on
the host insect, ultimately killing it
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ What are four important questions to ask when trying to diagnose
whether the issue is due to pesticide resistance? Answer: Has the
pest species been controlled effectively with this product in the
past?
Has the likelihood of all other possible causes of pesticide failure
been eliminated?
Were the other pest species on the label, except this one, controlled
effectively?
Does this site have a history of continuous use of the same pesticide
or a different pesticide with the same SOA?
◉ What impacts the speed at which plants become resistant to a
pesticide? (5) Answer: Cultural practices
Frequency of pesticide use
Pesticide SOA (MOA)
Biology of the pest species
Frequency of resistant biotypes among the pest species
◉ Recommendations to reduce pesticide resistance (6) Answer: Use
pesticides only when necessary
,Rotate pesticides (SOAs)
Apply pesticides in a tank mix with different SOAs
Combine, where feasible, mechanical and cultural control practices
Monitor turf and identify pests present and respond quickly to
changes
Clean equipment before moving to a new area
◉ What are arthropods? Answer: An animal with no internal spine, a
body made of joined segments, and a hard covering
◉ Arthropod exoskeleton Answer: A hard exterior covering that
protects the animal
◉ Arachnids Answer: A member of a major arthropod group that
includes spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites. All members have eight
pairs of legs
◉ Define insects Answer: Three legs (for adults) and three body
parts - head, abdomen, and thorax
◉ Metamorphosis Answer: A change in shape, form, and/or size that
insects undergo
,◉ Simple metamorphosis Answer: The progression of an insect from
egg to nymph to adult
◉ Nymphs Answer: The immature form of insects that look like
small adults without fully developed wings
◉ Instars Answer: Immature stages of insects between molts.
Typically there are 3-5 in insects
◉ Common turf pests that go through simple metamorphosis (6)
Answer: Aphids
Leafhoppers
True bugs
Crickets
Grasshoppers
Thrips
◉ Complete metamorphosis Answer: Insect development consisting
of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult
◉ What stage of insect (doing complete metamorphosis) is most
damaging to turf? Answer: The larva stage when they are feeding a
growing the most
, ◉ Common insects that go through complete metamorphosis
Answer: Beetles
Butterflies/moths
Flies
◉ Differences between arachnids and arthropods Answer: Arach
have 4 pairs of legs and 2 body segments instead of 3 pairs and 3
body segments
◉ Do most arachnids go through simple or complete
metamorhphosis? Answer: Simple
◉ Macrodecomposers Answer: Insects that process dead and
decaying organic matter and recycle and mix nutrients into the soil
◉ Examples of insect predators (4) Answer: Lady beetles
Ground beetles
Spiders
Paper wasps
◉ Parasitoids Answer: Insects that lay eggs in or on other insects
that serve as hosts for their young, which then develop within or on
the host insect, ultimately killing it
