NSG 312. Alterations in Adult Health 2
NSG 312 Final Exam 2025-26 Latest Spring-Summer
West Virginia University (WVU) Alterations in
Adult Health 2 Graded A
Parkinson's Disease
Slow, Progressive Neurological Movement Disorder Associated w/⬇️Levels of
Dopamine
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Loss of Motor Neurons in Anterior Horn of Spinal Cord, Motor Nuclei of Lower
Brainstem
-"Lou Gehrig Disease"
-Affects Glutamate
Manifestations (ALS)
-Progressive Weakness/Atrophy of Muscle➡️Cramps, Twitching, Lack of Coordination
-Spasticity, Brisk/Overactive DTR
-Difficulty Speaking, Swallowing, Breathing
Instilling Eye Meds
-Hand Hygiene Before/After
-Remove Contacts➡️Read Label of Med Beforehand
-Avoid Touching Eye w/ Dropper/Tip
-Hold Lower Lid Down
-Eye Drops➡️Ointment
-Ointments➡️Lower Conjunctival Sac
-Keep Eyes Closed for Few Minutes➡️Apply Pressure to Inner Canthus
-5min Between Next Drop, 10min Between Next Ointment
Nursing Interventions (Macular Degeneration)
-Monitor Progression w/ Amsler Grid Several Times/Week
-Safety➡️Clutter Free Environment, Assistive Devices, etc.
-Regular Follow Ups
-Emotional Support
,NSG 312. Alterations in Adult Health 2
Meniere Disease
Abnormality in Inner Ear Fluid Balance:
-Causes Vertigo, Tinnitus, Hearing Loss
-Can Be Tx w/ Antihistamines, Benzos, Antiemetics, Diuretics
-Limit Sodium, Caffeine, Alcohol
Early S/Sx (Anemia)
-Weakness/Fatigue
-Pallor
-Changes in Tongue Color/Texture
-Changes in Nail Color/Texture/Strength
-N/V
Later S/Sx (Anemia)
-SOB
-Tachycardia
-Dizziness
-Chest Pain
-Altered LOC
Multiple Myeloma
Malignant Disease of the Most Mature B Lymphocyte➡️Plasma Cell➡️Nonfunctional
Immunoglobulin/Protein➡️Decreased Ability to Fight Infection
Manifestations (Multiple Myeloma)
CRAB:
-Hypercalcemia
-Renal Dysfunction
-Anemia
-Bone Destruction
Nursing Interventions (Multiple Myeloma)
-Pain Control➡️NSAIDs, Opioids
-Tx Hypercalcemia
-Education of Infection Prevention, Avoiding Heavy Lifting
-Emotional Support
Meds (RBC)
, NSG 312. Alterations in Adult Health 2
-Epoetin Alfa
-Iron Supplements
-Vitamin B12/Folic Acid
-Blood Transfusion
Nursing Interventions (Bleeding DO)
-Education
-Risk Factors➡️What They Can Change/How
-S/Sx To Seek Care
-Anticoags➡️Risk of Bleeding
-Bleeding Precautions
Manifestations (Thrombocytopenia)
<20,000:
-Excessive Menstrual Bleeding, Nasal/Gingival Bleeding, Excess Bleeding Post Op
<5000:
-Spontaneous, Potentially Fatal CNS/GI Bleeding
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Antibodies Produced Against Heparin Platelet
Complex➡️Platelets⬇️50%➡️Autoantibodies Develop➡️Activates Platelets➡️Can Cause
Thromboses
Manifestations (HIT)
-Low Platelet Count
-Easy Bruising/Bleeding
-Blood Clots
-Skin Lesions
Bowel/Bladder Control (Ischemic Stroke NI)
-Assessment of Voiding, Scheduled Voiding
-Measures to Prevent Constipation➡️Fiber, Fluid, Toileting Schedule
Nursing Interventions (Hemorrhagic Stroke)
NSG 312 Final Exam 2025-26 Latest Spring-Summer
West Virginia University (WVU) Alterations in
Adult Health 2 Graded A
Parkinson's Disease
Slow, Progressive Neurological Movement Disorder Associated w/⬇️Levels of
Dopamine
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Loss of Motor Neurons in Anterior Horn of Spinal Cord, Motor Nuclei of Lower
Brainstem
-"Lou Gehrig Disease"
-Affects Glutamate
Manifestations (ALS)
-Progressive Weakness/Atrophy of Muscle➡️Cramps, Twitching, Lack of Coordination
-Spasticity, Brisk/Overactive DTR
-Difficulty Speaking, Swallowing, Breathing
Instilling Eye Meds
-Hand Hygiene Before/After
-Remove Contacts➡️Read Label of Med Beforehand
-Avoid Touching Eye w/ Dropper/Tip
-Hold Lower Lid Down
-Eye Drops➡️Ointment
-Ointments➡️Lower Conjunctival Sac
-Keep Eyes Closed for Few Minutes➡️Apply Pressure to Inner Canthus
-5min Between Next Drop, 10min Between Next Ointment
Nursing Interventions (Macular Degeneration)
-Monitor Progression w/ Amsler Grid Several Times/Week
-Safety➡️Clutter Free Environment, Assistive Devices, etc.
-Regular Follow Ups
-Emotional Support
,NSG 312. Alterations in Adult Health 2
Meniere Disease
Abnormality in Inner Ear Fluid Balance:
-Causes Vertigo, Tinnitus, Hearing Loss
-Can Be Tx w/ Antihistamines, Benzos, Antiemetics, Diuretics
-Limit Sodium, Caffeine, Alcohol
Early S/Sx (Anemia)
-Weakness/Fatigue
-Pallor
-Changes in Tongue Color/Texture
-Changes in Nail Color/Texture/Strength
-N/V
Later S/Sx (Anemia)
-SOB
-Tachycardia
-Dizziness
-Chest Pain
-Altered LOC
Multiple Myeloma
Malignant Disease of the Most Mature B Lymphocyte➡️Plasma Cell➡️Nonfunctional
Immunoglobulin/Protein➡️Decreased Ability to Fight Infection
Manifestations (Multiple Myeloma)
CRAB:
-Hypercalcemia
-Renal Dysfunction
-Anemia
-Bone Destruction
Nursing Interventions (Multiple Myeloma)
-Pain Control➡️NSAIDs, Opioids
-Tx Hypercalcemia
-Education of Infection Prevention, Avoiding Heavy Lifting
-Emotional Support
Meds (RBC)
, NSG 312. Alterations in Adult Health 2
-Epoetin Alfa
-Iron Supplements
-Vitamin B12/Folic Acid
-Blood Transfusion
Nursing Interventions (Bleeding DO)
-Education
-Risk Factors➡️What They Can Change/How
-S/Sx To Seek Care
-Anticoags➡️Risk of Bleeding
-Bleeding Precautions
Manifestations (Thrombocytopenia)
<20,000:
-Excessive Menstrual Bleeding, Nasal/Gingival Bleeding, Excess Bleeding Post Op
<5000:
-Spontaneous, Potentially Fatal CNS/GI Bleeding
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Antibodies Produced Against Heparin Platelet
Complex➡️Platelets⬇️50%➡️Autoantibodies Develop➡️Activates Platelets➡️Can Cause
Thromboses
Manifestations (HIT)
-Low Platelet Count
-Easy Bruising/Bleeding
-Blood Clots
-Skin Lesions
Bowel/Bladder Control (Ischemic Stroke NI)
-Assessment of Voiding, Scheduled Voiding
-Measures to Prevent Constipation➡️Fiber, Fluid, Toileting Schedule
Nursing Interventions (Hemorrhagic Stroke)
