Chapter9
Non communicable disease
o Care of an existing NCD should be provided within a secondary and tertiary
prevention framework that focuses on early detection and treatment as well as a
long-term plan of care aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality
Life expectancy
o defined as the number of years a person could be expected to live based on the
current mortality rates in a specific setting, usually a country.
Premature death
o is, a death that occurs earlier than the standard life expectancy.
Health adjusted expectancy
=]
o reflects the average number of years that a person can expect to live in good
health by adjusting for disease and/or injury.
Heart diease
Cancer
Chronic lower respiratory disease
DM
Behavioral
o
Nutrition, exercise, obesity
=]
o risk factors associated with obesity are poor nutrition and lack of exercise, which
reflect individual behaviors that are thought to be modifiable, that is, they can be
changed with intervention.
Enviormental
Genomics and risks for NCD
Human genomics
o study of the genetic structure or genome of a living human.
Socioeconomic risks for NCD
=]
o What do they have to deal with day in and day out
o Income and social status:
Higher income and social status are linked to better health. The greater
the gap between the richest and poorest people, the greater the
differences in health.
o Education:
Low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress, and lower
self-confidence.
o Physical environment:
Safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, safe houses, communities
and roads all contribute to good health.
o Employment and working conditions:
People in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more
control over their working conditions
o Social support networks:
, Greater support from families, friends, and communities is linked to
better health.
o Culture: Customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family and community all
affect health.
o Genetics: Inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness, and the
likelihood of developing certain ilinesses.
o Personal behavior and coping skills: Balanced eating, keeping active, smoking,
drinking, and how we deal with life’s stresses and challenges all affect health.
o Health services: Access and use of services that prevent and treat disease
influences health.
o Gender: Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different
ages.
Prevention Strategies for Noncommunicable Diseases
Health-related quality of life
chronic disease self-management (CDSM)
o anongoing process by which individuals with a chronic illness or condition
engage in self-management of medications, symptoms, and promotion of their
own health, and can be applied to both noncommunicable and communicable
chronic disease.
Chapter 8
Epidemic
o “Local”’ with one problem
o increased occurrence of a single disease.
Endemic
o “USA”
o usual number of cases of a disease that occur within a population.
o Example
Malaria
Pandemic
o “World”
O epidemics occurring across the globe.
Ex
Covid
Spanish flu
Communicable disease / nursing
o practices protect individuals and populations to stop spread
Education
PPE
o understand the infectious agents that cause disease, the environment relevant to
the transmission of disease from one person to another, and who is at risk for
becoming infected.
What interventions as nurses to prevent communicable disease
, Why concern about communicable diseases?
o
Infectious Respiratory Disease
o Influenza
Early peak in December peak in February
Whopping cough
Tuberculosis
Malaria
o subtropical disease caused by a parasite
o preventable disease,
HIV/AIDS
o Impairs destroys CD4
Delay development of aids 10-15 years
O©
Rise in older population risky behavior
O
Need better screening
0
Longer
O
o Can be applied Disability adjusted life years ( daly )
Diarrheal diseases
o defined by the WHO as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per
day.
o Fecaloral route
o Age of death
Under 5
o Vaccine
Rotavirus
o Personto person
Prevention by hand hygiene
o
o Nursing intervention
Education
--
-~
Hydration
--
-~
Hand hygiene
--
-~
No swimming
--
-~
o Pat ogens
=
Bacteria viruses protozoa
Small bowel colon both
o Waterborne
Cholera
India
o Foodborne
Person to person
Ecoli
Non communicable disease
o Care of an existing NCD should be provided within a secondary and tertiary
prevention framework that focuses on early detection and treatment as well as a
long-term plan of care aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality
Life expectancy
o defined as the number of years a person could be expected to live based on the
current mortality rates in a specific setting, usually a country.
Premature death
o is, a death that occurs earlier than the standard life expectancy.
Health adjusted expectancy
=]
o reflects the average number of years that a person can expect to live in good
health by adjusting for disease and/or injury.
Heart diease
Cancer
Chronic lower respiratory disease
DM
Behavioral
o
Nutrition, exercise, obesity
=]
o risk factors associated with obesity are poor nutrition and lack of exercise, which
reflect individual behaviors that are thought to be modifiable, that is, they can be
changed with intervention.
Enviormental
Genomics and risks for NCD
Human genomics
o study of the genetic structure or genome of a living human.
Socioeconomic risks for NCD
=]
o What do they have to deal with day in and day out
o Income and social status:
Higher income and social status are linked to better health. The greater
the gap between the richest and poorest people, the greater the
differences in health.
o Education:
Low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress, and lower
self-confidence.
o Physical environment:
Safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, safe houses, communities
and roads all contribute to good health.
o Employment and working conditions:
People in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more
control over their working conditions
o Social support networks:
, Greater support from families, friends, and communities is linked to
better health.
o Culture: Customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family and community all
affect health.
o Genetics: Inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness, and the
likelihood of developing certain ilinesses.
o Personal behavior and coping skills: Balanced eating, keeping active, smoking,
drinking, and how we deal with life’s stresses and challenges all affect health.
o Health services: Access and use of services that prevent and treat disease
influences health.
o Gender: Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different
ages.
Prevention Strategies for Noncommunicable Diseases
Health-related quality of life
chronic disease self-management (CDSM)
o anongoing process by which individuals with a chronic illness or condition
engage in self-management of medications, symptoms, and promotion of their
own health, and can be applied to both noncommunicable and communicable
chronic disease.
Chapter 8
Epidemic
o “Local”’ with one problem
o increased occurrence of a single disease.
Endemic
o “USA”
o usual number of cases of a disease that occur within a population.
o Example
Malaria
Pandemic
o “World”
O epidemics occurring across the globe.
Ex
Covid
Spanish flu
Communicable disease / nursing
o practices protect individuals and populations to stop spread
Education
PPE
o understand the infectious agents that cause disease, the environment relevant to
the transmission of disease from one person to another, and who is at risk for
becoming infected.
What interventions as nurses to prevent communicable disease
, Why concern about communicable diseases?
o
Infectious Respiratory Disease
o Influenza
Early peak in December peak in February
Whopping cough
Tuberculosis
Malaria
o subtropical disease caused by a parasite
o preventable disease,
HIV/AIDS
o Impairs destroys CD4
Delay development of aids 10-15 years
O©
Rise in older population risky behavior
O
Need better screening
0
Longer
O
o Can be applied Disability adjusted life years ( daly )
Diarrheal diseases
o defined by the WHO as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per
day.
o Fecaloral route
o Age of death
Under 5
o Vaccine
Rotavirus
o Personto person
Prevention by hand hygiene
o
o Nursing intervention
Education
--
-~
Hydration
--
-~
Hand hygiene
--
-~
No swimming
--
-~
o Pat ogens
=
Bacteria viruses protozoa
Small bowel colon both
o Waterborne
Cholera
India
o Foodborne
Person to person
Ecoli
