Local signaling: Paracrine signaling
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(growth factors that stimulate nearby target cells to grow and multiply)
Second messengers
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second messengers are key components of signaling pathways.
Local signaling: Autocrine signaling (self signaling)
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One cell both produces the signal and has receptors that can respond to
that signal. Used to reinforce differentiation decisions.
Intracellular Receptors
terms: lipophilic
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Lipophilic Hormones or very small non-polar signaling molecules can
easily cross the plasma membrane. Can interact with INTRA-cellular
receptors. (receptor is found completely within the cell)
What happens when cell encounters a signal?
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The signal must be recognized by a specific receptor molecule, and the
information it carries (the signal) must be changed into another form, or
transduced, inside the cell, before the cell can respond.
Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation
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, The phosphorylation/dephosphorylation system acts as a molecular switch
in the cell, turning activities on and off as required.
Key concepts: transduction
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Transduction: Cascades of molecular interactions relay signals from
receptors to target molecules in the cell.
Cell communication
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Cell-to-cell communication is absolutely essential for multicellular
organisms. Cells must communicate to coordinate their activities.
Communication between cells is also important for unicellular organisms.
Cancer results from.....
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genetic changes that affect sell cycle control
Molecular switches: Protein phosphorylation
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(growth factors that stimulate nearby target cells to grow and multiply)
Second messengers
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second messengers are key components of signaling pathways.
Local signaling: Autocrine signaling (self signaling)
,Give this one a try later!
One cell both produces the signal and has receptors that can respond to
that signal. Used to reinforce differentiation decisions.
Intracellular Receptors
terms: lipophilic
Give this one a try later!
Lipophilic Hormones or very small non-polar signaling molecules can
easily cross the plasma membrane. Can interact with INTRA-cellular
receptors. (receptor is found completely within the cell)
What happens when cell encounters a signal?
Give this one a try later!
The signal must be recognized by a specific receptor molecule, and the
information it carries (the signal) must be changed into another form, or
transduced, inside the cell, before the cell can respond.
Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation
Give this one a try later!
, The phosphorylation/dephosphorylation system acts as a molecular switch
in the cell, turning activities on and off as required.
Key concepts: transduction
Give this one a try later!
Transduction: Cascades of molecular interactions relay signals from
receptors to target molecules in the cell.
Cell communication
Give this one a try later!
Cell-to-cell communication is absolutely essential for multicellular
organisms. Cells must communicate to coordinate their activities.
Communication between cells is also important for unicellular organisms.
Cancer results from.....
Give this one a try later!
genetic changes that affect sell cycle control
Molecular switches: Protein phosphorylation
