AQA GCSE BIOLOGY PAPER 2 FOUNDATION
TRILOGY 8464/B/2F COMPLETE REVISION
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH MARK SCHEME
◉ What happens when the concentration of water in the blood is too
low. I.e. the Blood is MORE concentrated. Answer: Receptors in the
hypothalamus detects the water content is too low. The coordinator
in the brain receives the information and coordinates a response.
The pituitary gland produces MORE (Anti-diuretic hormone) ADH,
which makes the kidney tubule MORE permeable. This means that
MORE water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream. The kidneys
produce a small volume of concentrated urine.
◉ What happens when the concentration of water in the blood is too
high. I.e. the Blood is dilute/LESS concentrated. Answer: Receptors
in the hypothalamus detects the water content is too high. The
coordinator in the brain receives the information and coordinates a
response. The pituitary gland produced LESS ADH, which makes the
kidney tubule LESS permeable. This means that LESS water is
reabsorbed into the bloodstream. The kidneys produce a large
volume of dilute urine.
◉ How does a dialysis machine work? Answer: In a dialysis machine
the patients blood flows between a partially permeable membrane
surrounded by dialysis fluid. The dialysis fluid contains the same
concentration of dissolved ions and glucose as healthy blood. This
,means they won't be lost from the blood during dialysis. Only wastes
such as urea and excess ions and waters diffuse across the barrier.
◉ What is the purpose of the partially permeable membrane in the
dialysis machine. Answer: To only allow small soluble molecules (e.g.
urea, water and ions) to move into the dialysis fluid, not large
molecules like proteins.
◉ What are the advantages and disadvantages of a kidney transplant
over dialysis? Answer: Kidney transplants are a cure, but they can be
rejected. Patients are treated with immunosuppressants. People are
not always on the donor list, relatives have to agree to the donation.
Transplants are cheaper than dialysis to the NHS. Long waiting lists
for transplants. Patients have to spend 3-4 hours a day, 3 x a week
which can have a negative impact on their quality of life.
◉ What are the four stages of the menstrual cycle? Answer: 1)
Menstruation-the uterus lining breaks down
2) The uterus lining builds up again
3) Ovulation-Around day 14 a egg is released from an ovary.
4) The wall is maintained for about 14 days until day 28. If the egg
has not been fertilised and implanted into the uterus lining it breaks
down.
,◉ What is the role of FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) in the
menstrual cycle? Answer: Made in the pituitary gland.
Causes a egg to mature in one of the ovaries in a structure called a
follicle.
Stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen.
◉ What is the role of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle? Answer:
Produced by the ovaries. Causes the lining of the uterus to grow.
Stimulates the release of LH (which causes ovulation) and inhibits
the release of FSH.
◉ What is the role of LH (Luteinising hormone) in the menstrual
cycle? Answer: Produced in the pituitary gland.
Stimulates the release of an egg (ovulation) at day 14.
◉ What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle? Answer:
Produced by the ovary by the remains of the follicle. Maintains the
lining of the uterus. When the level of progesterone falls the lining of
the uterus breaks down. Inhibits the release of LH and FSH.
◉ Where is testosterone produced? Answer: In the testes.
◉ How does the contraception pill work? Answer: Contains
oestrogen and progesterone. Taking oestrogen every day prevents
the release of an egg by inhibiting FSH. Progesterone reduces
, fertility by stimulating the production of thick sticky mucus at the
cervix preventing the sperm getting to the egg.
◉ What are the side effects of the pill? Answer: Headaches and
nausea. Still contract STIs.
◉ What is the contraceptive patch? Answer: Contains same
hormones as the pill. Patch is stuck under the skin (5cm x 5cm).
Each patch lasts a week.
◉ What is the contraceptive implant/injection? Answer: Implant is
inserted under the skin. Releases progesterone. Can last for 3 years.
Injection lasts less time 2-3 months.
◉ What is an intrauterine device? Answer: Is a T shaped device that
is inserted into the uterus to kill sperm and prevent implantation of
the fertilised egg.
◉ Name three barrier methods, non hormonal methods of
contraception. Answer: Male and female condom, diaphragm,
spermicide
◉ What is the diaphragm? Answer: A plastic cup that fits over the
cervix (opening to the womb) to form a barrier.
TRILOGY 8464/B/2F COMPLETE REVISION
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH MARK SCHEME
◉ What happens when the concentration of water in the blood is too
low. I.e. the Blood is MORE concentrated. Answer: Receptors in the
hypothalamus detects the water content is too low. The coordinator
in the brain receives the information and coordinates a response.
The pituitary gland produces MORE (Anti-diuretic hormone) ADH,
which makes the kidney tubule MORE permeable. This means that
MORE water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream. The kidneys
produce a small volume of concentrated urine.
◉ What happens when the concentration of water in the blood is too
high. I.e. the Blood is dilute/LESS concentrated. Answer: Receptors
in the hypothalamus detects the water content is too high. The
coordinator in the brain receives the information and coordinates a
response. The pituitary gland produced LESS ADH, which makes the
kidney tubule LESS permeable. This means that LESS water is
reabsorbed into the bloodstream. The kidneys produce a large
volume of dilute urine.
◉ How does a dialysis machine work? Answer: In a dialysis machine
the patients blood flows between a partially permeable membrane
surrounded by dialysis fluid. The dialysis fluid contains the same
concentration of dissolved ions and glucose as healthy blood. This
,means they won't be lost from the blood during dialysis. Only wastes
such as urea and excess ions and waters diffuse across the barrier.
◉ What is the purpose of the partially permeable membrane in the
dialysis machine. Answer: To only allow small soluble molecules (e.g.
urea, water and ions) to move into the dialysis fluid, not large
molecules like proteins.
◉ What are the advantages and disadvantages of a kidney transplant
over dialysis? Answer: Kidney transplants are a cure, but they can be
rejected. Patients are treated with immunosuppressants. People are
not always on the donor list, relatives have to agree to the donation.
Transplants are cheaper than dialysis to the NHS. Long waiting lists
for transplants. Patients have to spend 3-4 hours a day, 3 x a week
which can have a negative impact on their quality of life.
◉ What are the four stages of the menstrual cycle? Answer: 1)
Menstruation-the uterus lining breaks down
2) The uterus lining builds up again
3) Ovulation-Around day 14 a egg is released from an ovary.
4) The wall is maintained for about 14 days until day 28. If the egg
has not been fertilised and implanted into the uterus lining it breaks
down.
,◉ What is the role of FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) in the
menstrual cycle? Answer: Made in the pituitary gland.
Causes a egg to mature in one of the ovaries in a structure called a
follicle.
Stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen.
◉ What is the role of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle? Answer:
Produced by the ovaries. Causes the lining of the uterus to grow.
Stimulates the release of LH (which causes ovulation) and inhibits
the release of FSH.
◉ What is the role of LH (Luteinising hormone) in the menstrual
cycle? Answer: Produced in the pituitary gland.
Stimulates the release of an egg (ovulation) at day 14.
◉ What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle? Answer:
Produced by the ovary by the remains of the follicle. Maintains the
lining of the uterus. When the level of progesterone falls the lining of
the uterus breaks down. Inhibits the release of LH and FSH.
◉ Where is testosterone produced? Answer: In the testes.
◉ How does the contraception pill work? Answer: Contains
oestrogen and progesterone. Taking oestrogen every day prevents
the release of an egg by inhibiting FSH. Progesterone reduces
, fertility by stimulating the production of thick sticky mucus at the
cervix preventing the sperm getting to the egg.
◉ What are the side effects of the pill? Answer: Headaches and
nausea. Still contract STIs.
◉ What is the contraceptive patch? Answer: Contains same
hormones as the pill. Patch is stuck under the skin (5cm x 5cm).
Each patch lasts a week.
◉ What is the contraceptive implant/injection? Answer: Implant is
inserted under the skin. Releases progesterone. Can last for 3 years.
Injection lasts less time 2-3 months.
◉ What is an intrauterine device? Answer: Is a T shaped device that
is inserted into the uterus to kill sperm and prevent implantation of
the fertilised egg.
◉ Name three barrier methods, non hormonal methods of
contraception. Answer: Male and female condom, diaphragm,
spermicide
◉ What is the diaphragm? Answer: A plastic cup that fits over the
cervix (opening to the womb) to form a barrier.
