BSNC 6000 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ACCURATE ANSWERS
What is hypersensitivity? - Answers - A persons immune system reacts in a way that
damages them rather than protecting them
What is type III hypersensitivity? - Answers - Antigen-antibody complexes deposit into
blood vessel walls causing inflammation and tissue damage
what cells produce antibody? - Answers - plasma cells
what is type 1 hypersensitivity? - Answers - presence of IgE specific to an allergen
what is the MOI of type 1 hypersensitivity? - Answers - histamine stimulates mucus
secretion in the nasal passages and tears that leads to inflammation
what are examples of type 1 hypersensitivity? - Answers - (atopic diseases) allergic
reactions, asthma, dermatitis, and anaphylaxis
what is the immune mechanism of type II hypersensitivity? - Answers - anti-body
mediated immune reaction where antibodies like IgG or IgM are directed against cells.
This is an autoreactive antibody that targets its own tissues.
What is the MOI of type II hypersensitivity? - Answers - cellular destruction, functional
loss, and tissue damage d/t antibodies targeting the body.
examples of type II hypersensitivity and where are they commonly seen - Answers -
autoimmune diseases, infections, cytopenias, and hemolytic anemias. seen in
transplants and blood transfusions.
What is the immune mechanism of type III hypersensitivity? - Answers - mediated by
immune complexes like antigen-antibody (IgG) complexes accumulating in the body.
which type of hypersensitivity is most complex? - Answers - type III
What is the MOI for type III hypersensitivity? - Answers - antigen-antibody complexes
deposited in blood vessel walls cause inflammation and tissue damage where the
complexes accumulate.
Common examples of type III hypersensitivity - Answers - SLE (Lupus) and RA
(rheumatoid arthritis)
What is the immune mechanism of type IV hypersensitivity? - Answers - autoreactive
cytotoxic cells
,what is the MOI in type IV hypersensitivity? - Answers - autoreactive cytotoxic cells
attack the bodies own tissues especially i the lungs and airways.
common examples of type IV hypersensitivity - Answers - HIV, RSV, contact dermatitis,
TB, MS, and DM1
why is lupus rare? - Answers - because it requires a series of complex events that need
to occur over many years.
steps for lupus to occur? - Answers - genetic predisposition --> macrophage challenging
event (covid) --> unregulated apoptosis of macrophages --> build up of debris in the
body causes the making of antibodies --> immune system is now compromised --> we
make antibodies against ourself
what do macrophages do? - Answers - after infection they clean up debris in the tissue
and release cytokines to signal tissue repair
true or false: macrophage function is a spectrum - Answers - true, some people have
hypoactive and some hyperactive
what is an example of a trigger that challenges the macrophages - Answers -
hydralazine, a type of vasodilator
common events that lead to flare ups - Answers - pregnancy (stiulates antibody
production) and UV light (sun stimulates immune response)
Lupus causes briefly - Answers - genetic predisposition + preceding event (viral illness,
drug, environmental exposure, stress/trauma, and estrogen shifting (post-puberty,
postpartum, and menopause))
what is SLE? - Answers - a chronic multi-symptom autoimmune disease
where are the symptoms of SLE? - Answers - they are diverse with inflammation
affecting multiple organ systems
what kind of disease is SLE? - Answers - it is a waxing and waning disease
Patho of Lupus briefly - Answers - antibody-antigen complexes deposited in
microvasculature and basement membrane of nephrons --> these antigens include
proteins normally protected inside the cell called nuclear antigens --> complement
proteins attract neutrophils and trigger inflammation
common symptoms of SLE - Answers - frequent fevers, photophobia (light sensitivity),
anxiety, depression, personality changes, mental health changes, nausea, vomiting, GI
discomfort
, common flare up triggers for lupus - Answers - sunlight, pregnancy, stress
SLE symptoms in the head - Answers - hair loss, low fevers, impaired saliva production,
butterfly rash, mental health changes, visual changes, fatigue, and seizures
SLE symptoms in the immune system - Answers - lymphadenopathy (inflammed lymph
nodes)
SLE hematological symptoms - Answers - anemia and thrombocytopenia (low platelet
count)
SLE heart symptoms - Answers - pericarditis d/t lots of small vasculature
SLE lung symptoms - Answers - chest pain that needs immediate medical attention,
pleuritis, and pleural effusion d/t inflammation
SLE GI symptoms - Answers - N/V, IBS, diarrhea, sterile peritonitis (infection of the
abdominal cavity without infectious pathogens)
SLE joint symptoms - Answers - pain and swelling
SLE Kidney symptoms - Answers - protein and blood in the urine d/t blood vessels
being blocked by neutrophils
SLE finger/toe symptoms - Answers - they can turn blue
risk factors for SLE - Answers - hispanic, physical trauma, chronic stress, and must
have the genetic component
what are the lab tests for SLE - Answers - ANA, ESR, CRP, and low complement
What is ANA in lab tests for SLE? - Answers - Anti-nuclear antibody elevation. normally
Igs are not reactive to nuclear proteins/DNA
how is an ANA test done? - Answers - the patients test cells are made permeable and
mixed with Igs from patient serum
What is ESR in SLE lab test? - Answers - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Cells settle at
the bottom of the tube at a faster rate.
What does high ESR mean? - Answers - inflammation
What is CRP in Lupus lab testing - Answers - C reactive protein
what does CRP indicate in a lab test? - Answers - inflammation
ACCURATE ANSWERS
What is hypersensitivity? - Answers - A persons immune system reacts in a way that
damages them rather than protecting them
What is type III hypersensitivity? - Answers - Antigen-antibody complexes deposit into
blood vessel walls causing inflammation and tissue damage
what cells produce antibody? - Answers - plasma cells
what is type 1 hypersensitivity? - Answers - presence of IgE specific to an allergen
what is the MOI of type 1 hypersensitivity? - Answers - histamine stimulates mucus
secretion in the nasal passages and tears that leads to inflammation
what are examples of type 1 hypersensitivity? - Answers - (atopic diseases) allergic
reactions, asthma, dermatitis, and anaphylaxis
what is the immune mechanism of type II hypersensitivity? - Answers - anti-body
mediated immune reaction where antibodies like IgG or IgM are directed against cells.
This is an autoreactive antibody that targets its own tissues.
What is the MOI of type II hypersensitivity? - Answers - cellular destruction, functional
loss, and tissue damage d/t antibodies targeting the body.
examples of type II hypersensitivity and where are they commonly seen - Answers -
autoimmune diseases, infections, cytopenias, and hemolytic anemias. seen in
transplants and blood transfusions.
What is the immune mechanism of type III hypersensitivity? - Answers - mediated by
immune complexes like antigen-antibody (IgG) complexes accumulating in the body.
which type of hypersensitivity is most complex? - Answers - type III
What is the MOI for type III hypersensitivity? - Answers - antigen-antibody complexes
deposited in blood vessel walls cause inflammation and tissue damage where the
complexes accumulate.
Common examples of type III hypersensitivity - Answers - SLE (Lupus) and RA
(rheumatoid arthritis)
What is the immune mechanism of type IV hypersensitivity? - Answers - autoreactive
cytotoxic cells
,what is the MOI in type IV hypersensitivity? - Answers - autoreactive cytotoxic cells
attack the bodies own tissues especially i the lungs and airways.
common examples of type IV hypersensitivity - Answers - HIV, RSV, contact dermatitis,
TB, MS, and DM1
why is lupus rare? - Answers - because it requires a series of complex events that need
to occur over many years.
steps for lupus to occur? - Answers - genetic predisposition --> macrophage challenging
event (covid) --> unregulated apoptosis of macrophages --> build up of debris in the
body causes the making of antibodies --> immune system is now compromised --> we
make antibodies against ourself
what do macrophages do? - Answers - after infection they clean up debris in the tissue
and release cytokines to signal tissue repair
true or false: macrophage function is a spectrum - Answers - true, some people have
hypoactive and some hyperactive
what is an example of a trigger that challenges the macrophages - Answers -
hydralazine, a type of vasodilator
common events that lead to flare ups - Answers - pregnancy (stiulates antibody
production) and UV light (sun stimulates immune response)
Lupus causes briefly - Answers - genetic predisposition + preceding event (viral illness,
drug, environmental exposure, stress/trauma, and estrogen shifting (post-puberty,
postpartum, and menopause))
what is SLE? - Answers - a chronic multi-symptom autoimmune disease
where are the symptoms of SLE? - Answers - they are diverse with inflammation
affecting multiple organ systems
what kind of disease is SLE? - Answers - it is a waxing and waning disease
Patho of Lupus briefly - Answers - antibody-antigen complexes deposited in
microvasculature and basement membrane of nephrons --> these antigens include
proteins normally protected inside the cell called nuclear antigens --> complement
proteins attract neutrophils and trigger inflammation
common symptoms of SLE - Answers - frequent fevers, photophobia (light sensitivity),
anxiety, depression, personality changes, mental health changes, nausea, vomiting, GI
discomfort
, common flare up triggers for lupus - Answers - sunlight, pregnancy, stress
SLE symptoms in the head - Answers - hair loss, low fevers, impaired saliva production,
butterfly rash, mental health changes, visual changes, fatigue, and seizures
SLE symptoms in the immune system - Answers - lymphadenopathy (inflammed lymph
nodes)
SLE hematological symptoms - Answers - anemia and thrombocytopenia (low platelet
count)
SLE heart symptoms - Answers - pericarditis d/t lots of small vasculature
SLE lung symptoms - Answers - chest pain that needs immediate medical attention,
pleuritis, and pleural effusion d/t inflammation
SLE GI symptoms - Answers - N/V, IBS, diarrhea, sterile peritonitis (infection of the
abdominal cavity without infectious pathogens)
SLE joint symptoms - Answers - pain and swelling
SLE Kidney symptoms - Answers - protein and blood in the urine d/t blood vessels
being blocked by neutrophils
SLE finger/toe symptoms - Answers - they can turn blue
risk factors for SLE - Answers - hispanic, physical trauma, chronic stress, and must
have the genetic component
what are the lab tests for SLE - Answers - ANA, ESR, CRP, and low complement
What is ANA in lab tests for SLE? - Answers - Anti-nuclear antibody elevation. normally
Igs are not reactive to nuclear proteins/DNA
how is an ANA test done? - Answers - the patients test cells are made permeable and
mixed with Igs from patient serum
What is ESR in SLE lab test? - Answers - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Cells settle at
the bottom of the tube at a faster rate.
What does high ESR mean? - Answers - inflammation
What is CRP in Lupus lab testing - Answers - C reactive protein
what does CRP indicate in a lab test? - Answers - inflammation
