Test Bank for Porth’s Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition by Tommie L. Norris | ISBN 9781975107192 | Complete Guide All Chapters | A+ Verified Questions & Answers

TESTBANK
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,Test Bank For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition Chapter 1:
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n Cell Structure and Function
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MULTIPLE CHOICE n




1. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most
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ofthe specific membrane functions are carried out by:
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A) Bound and transmembrane proteins n n n




B) Complex, long carbohydrate chains n n n




C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors n n n n




D) A gating system of selective ion channels
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Ans: A n




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The functions of plasma membrane depend on the presence of proteins that are bound in the lipid bilayer
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and some that have the ability to pass freely into and out of the cell.
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Carbohydrate chains form a cell coat that surrounds the membrane and that contain surface antigens
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and surface hormone receptors. Some ion channels are gated and open only when the membrane
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potential changes significantly.
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1. Which describes the function of the nucleus? n n n n n n




A) It is basically the site of protein synthesis in the body.
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B) It contains the genetic code for the individual.
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C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
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D) It initiates the process of aerobic metabolism.
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Ans: B n




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The nucleus contains DNA, which contains the genetic code that contains the information that
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controls cells. Ribosomes synthesize protein. Mitochondria transform organic compounds into
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cellular energy. Mitochondria require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, using hydrogen and carbon
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combined with oxygen molecules to form carbon dioxide and water as energyis released.
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2. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal
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,RNA (rRNA)? n




A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis n n n n n n n




B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis n n n n n n n n




C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs n n n n n n




D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis n n n n




Ans: C n




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There are three types of ribonucleic acid (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA) that
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move to the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins.
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to the
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cytoplasm; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the site of protein synthesis; and transfer RNA (tRNA)
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transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis for incorporation into the protein being
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synthesized.
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3. Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They:
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A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and worn- out
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cell parts
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B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modifyprotein end products and
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package them into secretory granules or vesicles
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C) Are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins that
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remain in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
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D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as a tubular
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communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell to another
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Ans: A n




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Lysosomes are sacs that are filled with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the processing and removal of
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unwanted substances within the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus functions in association with the
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endoplasmic reticulum to modifyand package substances in preparation for secretion, whereas
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ribosomes are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. The ER
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is a tubular communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell to
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another.
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4. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in: n n n n n n n n

, A) Inadequate sites for protein synthesis n n n n




B) An inabilityto transport cellular products across the cell membrane
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C) Insufficient energyproduction within a cell n n n n n




D) Accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm n n n n n n




Ans: D n




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Peroxisomes function in the control of free radicals; unless degraded, these highly unstable chemical
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compounds damage other cytoplasmic molecules. Peroxisomes do not directly contribute to energy
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production, protein synthesis, or transport of cellular secretions.
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5. Although energyis not made in mitochondria, they are known as the “power plants” of the
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cell because they:
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A) Contain RNA for protein synthesis n n n n




B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy
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C) Extract energy from organic compounds
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D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
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Ans: C n




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Mitochondria contain the enzymes needed for transforming organic compounds into energythat is
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easily accessible to the cell. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Glycolysis is anaerobic
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metabolism and unrelated to oxidative energy. Mitochondria store phosphate bonds (such as in
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ATP) to power cellular functions.
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6. Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of the
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following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
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A) Ribosomes

B) Microtubules

C) Mitochondria

D) Microfilaments
Ans: B n




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