The primary purpose of a robotic device designed to hold and maneuver a laparoscope is to
- ANSWER eliminate tremor associated with operating an endoscope
the MOST important considerations when preventing wound infection in the surgical patient
- ANSWER 1. pathogen transmittal
2. portal of entry into the susceptible host
3. invasion of a susceptible host
Which of the following tendon autografts is MOST typically utilized when performing ante-
rior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction? - ANSWER patellar tendone
What is the normal range of red blood cells in a complete blood count for an adult male? -
ANSWER 4.6-6.2 x 106/nl
Which of the following organisms normally found on the skin can cause wound infections? -
ANSWER (c) B. Staphylococcus aureus, often simply referred to as "staph," is commonly
found on the skin and in the nose.
Which of the following is the desired effect when applying a partially threaded cancellous
screw to a bone fragment - ANSWER compression
When transferring a thoracotomy patient to recovery, the chest drainage system should be -
ANSWER below the patient's chest level
Which of the following bones make up the pelvic girdle? - ANSWER coccyx, sacrum, os
coxae
1
,During a carotid endarterectomy, the arteries are unclamped and reclamped before arteri-
otomy closure is performed to - ANSWER to flush debris from the carotid
Injury to which of the following arteries is commonly seen in the temporal lobes, where the
skull is the thinnest and meningeal blood vessels are numerous, and is the usual cause of
epidural hematomas? - ANSWER middle meningeal
Epidural hematoma is typically caused by trauma in the middle meningeal artery. A linear
fracture of the squamous portion of the temporal bone can tear the middle meningeal.
During arterial cannulation in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the cannula tip must be di-
rected into which of the following arteries? - ANSWER The cannula tip is placed into the
ascending aorta and provides blood flow downstream away from the heart.
Which of the following is an example of a high-level disinfecting agent? - ANSWER glutar-
aldehyde
A wound that is known to be infected at the time of surgery and is left open to be closed at a
later date is categorized as - ANSWER delayed primary closure
Wound closure is delayed or secondary for the purpose of walling off an area of gross infec-
tion or where extensive tissue was removed. The edges are closed 4-6 days postoperatively
after meticulous debridement.
A long-term complication of a cemented total hip arthroplasty is - ANSWER loosening of
the prosthesis
When performing compression hip screw fixation, the lag screw is inserted - ANSWER
within 1 cm of the femoral articular surface.
After receiving a preoperative epidural catheter, a patient is given a bolus of local anesthetic
intraoperatively. The patient then demonstrates signs of hypotension and complete
2
,respiratory failure. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause? - ANSWER migration
of the epidural catheter through the dura
With patient movement, the epidural catheter may migrate through the dura. A bolus injec-
tion into the subdural space can cause total spinal anesthesia resulting in hypotension and
respiratory failure.
The main consideration in surgical needle selection is - ANSWER to minimize trauma
During a posterolateral approach to the hip, which of the following structures usually found
superficially to the obturator and gemelli should be identified and protected? - ANSWER
sciatic nerve
The sciatic nerve (largest nerve in the body) arises from the lumbosacral plexus. It emerges
from the pelvis below the piriformis and enters the thigh between the ischial tuberosity and
the greater trochanter.
Tetralogy of Fallot includes which defects? - ANSWER Ventricular septal defect, pulmo-
nary valve stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and transposition of the aorta are the four
anomalies that comprise Tetralogy of Fallot.
Pulling on the wrist to reduce a radius fracture incorporates which of the following principles
of surgical assisting? - ANSWER traction/counter traction
If a Kelly clamp is left in a patient who underwent a cholecystectomy, which of the following
legal charges can be filed? - ANSWER Res ipsa loquitur (or the thing speaks for itself) is a
doctrine that applies to injuries sustained by a patient while in the OR
During a posterolateral approach for an intracapsular hip fracture, which of the following
muscles would be released along with the short external rotators and capsule from the pos-
terior aspect of the femur as a single musculocapsular flap? - ANSWER The piriformis
muscle arises from the sacrum and inserts at the highest point on the greater trochanter. It
is an extensor and lateral rotator of the femur
3
, The gluteus medius - ANSWER inserts on the greater trochanter of the femur. Under the
medius is the gluteus minimus. It inserts anteriorly on the greater trochanter.
The superior and inferior gemelli and obturator internus - ANSWER are found between
the piriformis and quadratus femoris. They insert along the upper border of the greater tro-
chanter.
The quadratus femoris - ANSWER inserts on the trochanteric crest of the femur.
When an open appendectomy is performed, it is necessary to identify the - ANSWER ce-
cum and ileocecal valve
In patients who develop fever, abdominal pain, and profuse diarrhea, the MOST frequently
seen antibiotic-associated enterocolitis is due to which of the following organisms? - AN-
SWER C diff
Clostridium difficile - ANSWER a species that causes watery diarrhea, fever, anorexia, and
abdominal pain, sometimes accompanied by pseudomembranous colitis, especially in pa-
tients previously treated with antibiotics or confined in healthcare settings. Most antibiotics
(except aminoglycosides) have been associated with the development of C. difficile-associ-
ated disease, which varies in clinical significance from a relatively mild diarrheal illness to
one complicated by dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, toxic megacolon, and death.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - ANSWER a species that produces a distinctive blue-green pig-
ment, grows readily in water, and may cause life-threatening infections in humans, including
nosocomial pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis. It may also cause folliculitis, ma-
lignant otitis externa, and skin infections in patients who have suffered burns.
Enterococcus faecalis - ANSWER a genus of gram-positive cocci of the family Streptococ-
caceae, formerly classified as part of the genus Streptococcus, but now classified as a sepa-
rate genus. Of the 12 or more species, E. faecalis and E. faecium are found normally in the
human gastrointestinal tract. They may cause urinary tract infections or other serious infec-
tions that are resistant to many antibiotics.
4
- ANSWER eliminate tremor associated with operating an endoscope
the MOST important considerations when preventing wound infection in the surgical patient
- ANSWER 1. pathogen transmittal
2. portal of entry into the susceptible host
3. invasion of a susceptible host
Which of the following tendon autografts is MOST typically utilized when performing ante-
rior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction? - ANSWER patellar tendone
What is the normal range of red blood cells in a complete blood count for an adult male? -
ANSWER 4.6-6.2 x 106/nl
Which of the following organisms normally found on the skin can cause wound infections? -
ANSWER (c) B. Staphylococcus aureus, often simply referred to as "staph," is commonly
found on the skin and in the nose.
Which of the following is the desired effect when applying a partially threaded cancellous
screw to a bone fragment - ANSWER compression
When transferring a thoracotomy patient to recovery, the chest drainage system should be -
ANSWER below the patient's chest level
Which of the following bones make up the pelvic girdle? - ANSWER coccyx, sacrum, os
coxae
1
,During a carotid endarterectomy, the arteries are unclamped and reclamped before arteri-
otomy closure is performed to - ANSWER to flush debris from the carotid
Injury to which of the following arteries is commonly seen in the temporal lobes, where the
skull is the thinnest and meningeal blood vessels are numerous, and is the usual cause of
epidural hematomas? - ANSWER middle meningeal
Epidural hematoma is typically caused by trauma in the middle meningeal artery. A linear
fracture of the squamous portion of the temporal bone can tear the middle meningeal.
During arterial cannulation in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the cannula tip must be di-
rected into which of the following arteries? - ANSWER The cannula tip is placed into the
ascending aorta and provides blood flow downstream away from the heart.
Which of the following is an example of a high-level disinfecting agent? - ANSWER glutar-
aldehyde
A wound that is known to be infected at the time of surgery and is left open to be closed at a
later date is categorized as - ANSWER delayed primary closure
Wound closure is delayed or secondary for the purpose of walling off an area of gross infec-
tion or where extensive tissue was removed. The edges are closed 4-6 days postoperatively
after meticulous debridement.
A long-term complication of a cemented total hip arthroplasty is - ANSWER loosening of
the prosthesis
When performing compression hip screw fixation, the lag screw is inserted - ANSWER
within 1 cm of the femoral articular surface.
After receiving a preoperative epidural catheter, a patient is given a bolus of local anesthetic
intraoperatively. The patient then demonstrates signs of hypotension and complete
2
,respiratory failure. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause? - ANSWER migration
of the epidural catheter through the dura
With patient movement, the epidural catheter may migrate through the dura. A bolus injec-
tion into the subdural space can cause total spinal anesthesia resulting in hypotension and
respiratory failure.
The main consideration in surgical needle selection is - ANSWER to minimize trauma
During a posterolateral approach to the hip, which of the following structures usually found
superficially to the obturator and gemelli should be identified and protected? - ANSWER
sciatic nerve
The sciatic nerve (largest nerve in the body) arises from the lumbosacral plexus. It emerges
from the pelvis below the piriformis and enters the thigh between the ischial tuberosity and
the greater trochanter.
Tetralogy of Fallot includes which defects? - ANSWER Ventricular septal defect, pulmo-
nary valve stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and transposition of the aorta are the four
anomalies that comprise Tetralogy of Fallot.
Pulling on the wrist to reduce a radius fracture incorporates which of the following principles
of surgical assisting? - ANSWER traction/counter traction
If a Kelly clamp is left in a patient who underwent a cholecystectomy, which of the following
legal charges can be filed? - ANSWER Res ipsa loquitur (or the thing speaks for itself) is a
doctrine that applies to injuries sustained by a patient while in the OR
During a posterolateral approach for an intracapsular hip fracture, which of the following
muscles would be released along with the short external rotators and capsule from the pos-
terior aspect of the femur as a single musculocapsular flap? - ANSWER The piriformis
muscle arises from the sacrum and inserts at the highest point on the greater trochanter. It
is an extensor and lateral rotator of the femur
3
, The gluteus medius - ANSWER inserts on the greater trochanter of the femur. Under the
medius is the gluteus minimus. It inserts anteriorly on the greater trochanter.
The superior and inferior gemelli and obturator internus - ANSWER are found between
the piriformis and quadratus femoris. They insert along the upper border of the greater tro-
chanter.
The quadratus femoris - ANSWER inserts on the trochanteric crest of the femur.
When an open appendectomy is performed, it is necessary to identify the - ANSWER ce-
cum and ileocecal valve
In patients who develop fever, abdominal pain, and profuse diarrhea, the MOST frequently
seen antibiotic-associated enterocolitis is due to which of the following organisms? - AN-
SWER C diff
Clostridium difficile - ANSWER a species that causes watery diarrhea, fever, anorexia, and
abdominal pain, sometimes accompanied by pseudomembranous colitis, especially in pa-
tients previously treated with antibiotics or confined in healthcare settings. Most antibiotics
(except aminoglycosides) have been associated with the development of C. difficile-associ-
ated disease, which varies in clinical significance from a relatively mild diarrheal illness to
one complicated by dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, toxic megacolon, and death.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - ANSWER a species that produces a distinctive blue-green pig-
ment, grows readily in water, and may cause life-threatening infections in humans, including
nosocomial pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis. It may also cause folliculitis, ma-
lignant otitis externa, and skin infections in patients who have suffered burns.
Enterococcus faecalis - ANSWER a genus of gram-positive cocci of the family Streptococ-
caceae, formerly classified as part of the genus Streptococcus, but now classified as a sepa-
rate genus. Of the 12 or more species, E. faecalis and E. faecium are found normally in the
human gastrointestinal tract. They may cause urinary tract infections or other serious infec-
tions that are resistant to many antibiotics.
4
