Med Surg HESI Study Guide |
Medical-Surgical Nursing |
Questions and Answers |
GRADED A+ ASSURED
SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive Rationales
Included
,A 20-year-old female client calls the B) Most lumps are benign, but it is always best to
nurse to report a lump she found in come in for an examination.
her breast. Which response is the
best for the nurse to provide? (B) provides the best response because it
A) Check it again in one month, and if addresses the client's anxiety most effectively and
it is still there schedule an encourages prompt and immediate action for a
appointment. potential problem. (A) postpones treatment if the
B) Most lumps are benign, but it is lump is malignant, and does not relieve the client's
always best to come in for an anxiety. (C and D) provide false reassurance and do
examination. not help relieve anxiety.
C) Try not to worry too much about it,
because usually, most lumps are
benign.
D) If you are in your menstrual period
it is not a good time to check for
lumps.
The nurse should be correct in C) serum potassium level is 3.
withholding a dose of digoxin in a
client with congestive heart failure Hypokalemia (C) can precipitate digitalis toxicity in
without specific instruction from the persons receiving digoxin which will increase the
healthcare provider if the client's chance of dangerous dysrhythmias (normal
A) serum digoxin level is 1.5. potassium level is 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L). The
B) blood pressure is 104/68. therapeutic range for digoxin is 0.8 to 2 ng/ml (toxic
C) serum potassium level is 3. levels= >2 ng/ml); (A) is within this range. (B) would
D) apical pulse is 68/min. not warrant the nurse withholding the digoxin. The
nurse should withhold the digoxin if the apical pulse
is less than 60/min (D).
In assessing a client diagnosed with C) Potassium.
primary hyperaldosteronism, the
nurse expects the laboratory test Clients with primary aldosteronism exhibit a
results to indicate a decreased serum profound decline in the serum levels of potassium
level of which substance? (C) (hypokalemia)--hypertension is the most
A) Sodium. prominent and universal sign. (A) is normal or
B) Antidiuretic hormone. elevated, depending on the amount of water
C) Potassium. reabsorbed with the sodium. (B) is decreased with
D) Glucose. diabetes insipidus. (D) is not affected by primary
aldosteronism.
Based on the analysis of the client's C) Anticoagulation therapy.
atrial fibrillation, the nurse should
prepare the client for which treatment The client is experiencing atrial fibrillation, and the
protocol? nurse should prepare the client for anticoagulation
A) Diuretic therapy. therapy (C) which should be prescribed before
B) Pacemaker implantation. rhythm control therapies to prevent cardioembolic
C) Anticoagulation therapy. events which result from blood pooling in the
D) Cardiac catheterization. fibrillating atria. (A, B, and D) are not indicated.
, Which information about C) Yearly mammograms should be done regardless
mammograms is most important to of previous normal x-rays.
provide a post-menopausal female
client? The current breast screening recommendation is a
A) Breast self-examinations are not yearly mammogram after age 40 (C). Breast self-
needed if annual mammograms are exam (A) continues to be a priority recommendation
obtained. for all women because a small lump (or tumor) is
B) Radiation exposure is minimized often first felt by a woman before a mammogram is
by shielding the abdomen with a lead- obtained. The radiation exposure from a
lined apron. mammogram is low, so (B) is not normally provided.
C) Yearly mammograms should be The frequency of using routine and ultrasound
done regardless of previous normal x- mammograms (D) in women with high-risk variables,
rays. such as a history of breast cancer, the presence of
D) Women at high risk should have BRC1 and BRC2 genes, or 2 first-degree relatives
annual routine and ultrasound with breast cancer, should be recommended and
mammograms. followed closely by the healthcare provider.
In assessing cancer risk, the nurse B) A 50-year-old whose mother had unilateral breast
identifies which woman as being at cancer.
greatest risk of developing breast
cancer? The most predictive risk factors for development of
A) A 35-year-old multipara who never breast cancer are over 40 years of age and a
breastfed. positive family history (occurrence in the immediate
B) A 50-year-old whose mother had family, i.e., mother or sister). Other risk factors
unilateral breast cancer. include nulliparity, no history of breastfeeding, early
C) A 55-year-old whose mother-in-law menarche and late menopause. Although all of the
had bilateral breast cancer. women described have one of the risk factors for
D) A 20-year-old whose menarche developing breast cancer, (B) has the greater risk
occurred at age 9. over (A, C, and D).
Which reaction should the nurse B) Increased heart rate.
identify in a client who is responding
to stimulation of the sympathetic Any stressor that is perceived as threatening to
nervous system? homeostasis acts to stimulate the sympathetic
A) Pupil constriction. nervous system and manifests as a flight-or-fight
B) Increased heart rate. response, which includes an increase in heart rate
C) Bronchial constriction. (B). (A, C, and D) are responses of the
D) Decreased blood pressure. parasympathetic nervous system.
A client receiving cholestyramine A) K.
(Questran) for hyperlipidemia should
be evaluated for what vitamin Clients should be monitored for an increased
deficiency? prothrombin time and prolonged bleeding times
A) K. which would alert the nurse to a vitamin K deficiency
B) B12. (A). These drugs reduce absorption of the fat
C) B6. soluble (lipid) vitamins A, D, E, and K. (B, C, and D)
D) C. are not fat soluble vitamins.
Medical-Surgical Nursing |
Questions and Answers |
GRADED A+ ASSURED
SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive Rationales
Included
,A 20-year-old female client calls the B) Most lumps are benign, but it is always best to
nurse to report a lump she found in come in for an examination.
her breast. Which response is the
best for the nurse to provide? (B) provides the best response because it
A) Check it again in one month, and if addresses the client's anxiety most effectively and
it is still there schedule an encourages prompt and immediate action for a
appointment. potential problem. (A) postpones treatment if the
B) Most lumps are benign, but it is lump is malignant, and does not relieve the client's
always best to come in for an anxiety. (C and D) provide false reassurance and do
examination. not help relieve anxiety.
C) Try not to worry too much about it,
because usually, most lumps are
benign.
D) If you are in your menstrual period
it is not a good time to check for
lumps.
The nurse should be correct in C) serum potassium level is 3.
withholding a dose of digoxin in a
client with congestive heart failure Hypokalemia (C) can precipitate digitalis toxicity in
without specific instruction from the persons receiving digoxin which will increase the
healthcare provider if the client's chance of dangerous dysrhythmias (normal
A) serum digoxin level is 1.5. potassium level is 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L). The
B) blood pressure is 104/68. therapeutic range for digoxin is 0.8 to 2 ng/ml (toxic
C) serum potassium level is 3. levels= >2 ng/ml); (A) is within this range. (B) would
D) apical pulse is 68/min. not warrant the nurse withholding the digoxin. The
nurse should withhold the digoxin if the apical pulse
is less than 60/min (D).
In assessing a client diagnosed with C) Potassium.
primary hyperaldosteronism, the
nurse expects the laboratory test Clients with primary aldosteronism exhibit a
results to indicate a decreased serum profound decline in the serum levels of potassium
level of which substance? (C) (hypokalemia)--hypertension is the most
A) Sodium. prominent and universal sign. (A) is normal or
B) Antidiuretic hormone. elevated, depending on the amount of water
C) Potassium. reabsorbed with the sodium. (B) is decreased with
D) Glucose. diabetes insipidus. (D) is not affected by primary
aldosteronism.
Based on the analysis of the client's C) Anticoagulation therapy.
atrial fibrillation, the nurse should
prepare the client for which treatment The client is experiencing atrial fibrillation, and the
protocol? nurse should prepare the client for anticoagulation
A) Diuretic therapy. therapy (C) which should be prescribed before
B) Pacemaker implantation. rhythm control therapies to prevent cardioembolic
C) Anticoagulation therapy. events which result from blood pooling in the
D) Cardiac catheterization. fibrillating atria. (A, B, and D) are not indicated.
, Which information about C) Yearly mammograms should be done regardless
mammograms is most important to of previous normal x-rays.
provide a post-menopausal female
client? The current breast screening recommendation is a
A) Breast self-examinations are not yearly mammogram after age 40 (C). Breast self-
needed if annual mammograms are exam (A) continues to be a priority recommendation
obtained. for all women because a small lump (or tumor) is
B) Radiation exposure is minimized often first felt by a woman before a mammogram is
by shielding the abdomen with a lead- obtained. The radiation exposure from a
lined apron. mammogram is low, so (B) is not normally provided.
C) Yearly mammograms should be The frequency of using routine and ultrasound
done regardless of previous normal x- mammograms (D) in women with high-risk variables,
rays. such as a history of breast cancer, the presence of
D) Women at high risk should have BRC1 and BRC2 genes, or 2 first-degree relatives
annual routine and ultrasound with breast cancer, should be recommended and
mammograms. followed closely by the healthcare provider.
In assessing cancer risk, the nurse B) A 50-year-old whose mother had unilateral breast
identifies which woman as being at cancer.
greatest risk of developing breast
cancer? The most predictive risk factors for development of
A) A 35-year-old multipara who never breast cancer are over 40 years of age and a
breastfed. positive family history (occurrence in the immediate
B) A 50-year-old whose mother had family, i.e., mother or sister). Other risk factors
unilateral breast cancer. include nulliparity, no history of breastfeeding, early
C) A 55-year-old whose mother-in-law menarche and late menopause. Although all of the
had bilateral breast cancer. women described have one of the risk factors for
D) A 20-year-old whose menarche developing breast cancer, (B) has the greater risk
occurred at age 9. over (A, C, and D).
Which reaction should the nurse B) Increased heart rate.
identify in a client who is responding
to stimulation of the sympathetic Any stressor that is perceived as threatening to
nervous system? homeostasis acts to stimulate the sympathetic
A) Pupil constriction. nervous system and manifests as a flight-or-fight
B) Increased heart rate. response, which includes an increase in heart rate
C) Bronchial constriction. (B). (A, C, and D) are responses of the
D) Decreased blood pressure. parasympathetic nervous system.
A client receiving cholestyramine A) K.
(Questran) for hyperlipidemia should
be evaluated for what vitamin Clients should be monitored for an increased
deficiency? prothrombin time and prolonged bleeding times
A) K. which would alert the nurse to a vitamin K deficiency
B) B12. (A). These drugs reduce absorption of the fat
C) B6. soluble (lipid) vitamins A, D, E, and K. (B, C, and D)
D) C. are not fat soluble vitamins.
