MINDPLUG SOLUTIONS™ | A+ VERIFIED EXAM PREP
NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 – VERIFIED
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (2026 A+ GUIDE)
role of smooth ER
ribosomes not attached to smooth ER, helps in the Liver and kidney cells to detoxify, lipid
metabolism, synthesis of hormones, and calcium storage.
Role of peroxisome
membrane cells that contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful chemicals,
breakdown hydrogen peroxide and filter metabolic wastes.
Role of Golgi body
stacked membranes that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps
move things in and out of cell.
Where is extracellular fluid found?
outside the cell
Where is ECF located in the body?
found in the plasma, lymph, CSF, eye humors, synovial fluid, and the GI secretions.
Where is intracellular fluid located?
© 2026 MindPlug Solutions™
If this resource helped you, explore more top-rated study guides on our profile.
Success Starts with Smart Preparation.
,MINDPLUG SOLUTIONS™ | A+ VERIFIED EXAM PREP
inside the cell
Where is intracellular fluid found in the body?
found inside of cells, cytosol.
Which electrolytes are found at high concentrations in the ECF?
sodium, chloride and sodium bicarb.
Which electrolytes are found at high concentrations in the ICF
potassium, magnesium and hydrogen phosphate, and low concentration of sodium and
chloride.
What is passive transport?
substances move from a high to low concentration, without energy. Natural
What is active transport?
substances move against their concentration gradient with the help of ATP. Low to High.
What is diffusion?
© 2026 MindPlug Solutions™
If this resource helped you, explore more top-rated study guides on our profile.
Success Starts with Smart Preparation.
,MINDPLUG SOLUTIONS™ | A+ VERIFIED EXAM PREP
molecules and ions distributing evenly in the environment. Passive transport used. Goes
from high to low concentration and higher the concentration, the faster the spread.
What is osmosis?
allows for fluids to distribute in between the interstitial spaces and intracellular
compartments. Water goes low to high.
High: high solute concentration to low water concentration
Low: low solute concentration to high water concentration
Examples of ways fluid enters the body (Intake)
Food, Drink, IV access.
Examples of ways fluid exits the body (output)
Sweat, Urine, stool, water vapor from lungs, wound drainages, NG secretions.
What is dehydration?
when water output exceeds intake over time. Water from ECF is lost, causing cells to shrink
as concentration increases.
What are the causes of dehydration?
hemorrhage, severe burns, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, water deprivation, diuretic abuse,
DM.
© 2026 MindPlug Solutions™
If this resource helped you, explore more top-rated study guides on our profile.
Success Starts with Smart Preparation.
, MINDPLUG SOLUTIONS™ | A+ VERIFIED EXAM PREP
What are the signs and symptoms one may have dehydration?
dry mouth, extreme thirst, dry skin, decreased urine output, weight loss, mental confusion,
hypovolemic shock.
What is hypotonic hydration?
Over hydration or water intoxication. When too much water is taken in too fast or the
kidneys cannot rid the fluid fast enough (renal failure). Concentration of water in ECF
increases, while osmolarity decreases, causing cells to swell.
What things can cause hypertonic hydration?
Too much fluids through IV, renal failure, drinking too much water too fast. `
(Hyponatremia).
What are the signs and symptoms of hypotonic hydration?
leads to Nausea and Vomiting, muscles cramping, cerebral edema (brain cells can swell
and burst) , convulsions, coma and death.
What is edema?
accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space. Leads to tissue swelling.
© 2026 MindPlug Solutions™
If this resource helped you, explore more top-rated study guides on our profile.
Success Starts with Smart Preparation.
NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 – VERIFIED
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (2026 A+ GUIDE)
role of smooth ER
ribosomes not attached to smooth ER, helps in the Liver and kidney cells to detoxify, lipid
metabolism, synthesis of hormones, and calcium storage.
Role of peroxisome
membrane cells that contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful chemicals,
breakdown hydrogen peroxide and filter metabolic wastes.
Role of Golgi body
stacked membranes that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps
move things in and out of cell.
Where is extracellular fluid found?
outside the cell
Where is ECF located in the body?
found in the plasma, lymph, CSF, eye humors, synovial fluid, and the GI secretions.
Where is intracellular fluid located?
© 2026 MindPlug Solutions™
If this resource helped you, explore more top-rated study guides on our profile.
Success Starts with Smart Preparation.
,MINDPLUG SOLUTIONS™ | A+ VERIFIED EXAM PREP
inside the cell
Where is intracellular fluid found in the body?
found inside of cells, cytosol.
Which electrolytes are found at high concentrations in the ECF?
sodium, chloride and sodium bicarb.
Which electrolytes are found at high concentrations in the ICF
potassium, magnesium and hydrogen phosphate, and low concentration of sodium and
chloride.
What is passive transport?
substances move from a high to low concentration, without energy. Natural
What is active transport?
substances move against their concentration gradient with the help of ATP. Low to High.
What is diffusion?
© 2026 MindPlug Solutions™
If this resource helped you, explore more top-rated study guides on our profile.
Success Starts with Smart Preparation.
,MINDPLUG SOLUTIONS™ | A+ VERIFIED EXAM PREP
molecules and ions distributing evenly in the environment. Passive transport used. Goes
from high to low concentration and higher the concentration, the faster the spread.
What is osmosis?
allows for fluids to distribute in between the interstitial spaces and intracellular
compartments. Water goes low to high.
High: high solute concentration to low water concentration
Low: low solute concentration to high water concentration
Examples of ways fluid enters the body (Intake)
Food, Drink, IV access.
Examples of ways fluid exits the body (output)
Sweat, Urine, stool, water vapor from lungs, wound drainages, NG secretions.
What is dehydration?
when water output exceeds intake over time. Water from ECF is lost, causing cells to shrink
as concentration increases.
What are the causes of dehydration?
hemorrhage, severe burns, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, water deprivation, diuretic abuse,
DM.
© 2026 MindPlug Solutions™
If this resource helped you, explore more top-rated study guides on our profile.
Success Starts with Smart Preparation.
, MINDPLUG SOLUTIONS™ | A+ VERIFIED EXAM PREP
What are the signs and symptoms one may have dehydration?
dry mouth, extreme thirst, dry skin, decreased urine output, weight loss, mental confusion,
hypovolemic shock.
What is hypotonic hydration?
Over hydration or water intoxication. When too much water is taken in too fast or the
kidneys cannot rid the fluid fast enough (renal failure). Concentration of water in ECF
increases, while osmolarity decreases, causing cells to swell.
What things can cause hypertonic hydration?
Too much fluids through IV, renal failure, drinking too much water too fast. `
(Hyponatremia).
What are the signs and symptoms of hypotonic hydration?
leads to Nausea and Vomiting, muscles cramping, cerebral edema (brain cells can swell
and burst) , convulsions, coma and death.
What is edema?
accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space. Leads to tissue swelling.
© 2026 MindPlug Solutions™
If this resource helped you, explore more top-rated study guides on our profile.
Success Starts with Smart Preparation.
