NURS 358 EXAM 2026 ACTUAL SCRIPT
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉what are the normal heart sounds vs abnormal. Answer: normal:
S1 S2
abnormal
- bruits = swishing turbulence do to blockage in artery
- murmur = valve issue, blowing
- friction rub = due to inflammation, can hear when they hold their
breath
- S3 S4 = gallops (can be normal in those <30)
◉what things about the lungs can tell us of heart issues. Answer: -
crackles, SOB, pink frothy sputum
- can show signs of fluid overload in the lungs (left sided heart
failure)
◉what are some important cardiac labs. Answer: TROPONIN - if
elevated shows cardiac damage, can stay high for ten days
- lipid levels
- homocysteine
,- electrolyte levels especially POTASSIUM
◉what are some cardiac diagnostic tests. Answer: 12 lead,
continuous monitoring, echo, CT, chest xray, stress test (look at HR)
◉What does the 12 lead EKG show?. Answer: how electrical signals
move through the heart
◉what is a left sided heart cath. Answer: usually looking at coronary
arteries to look for a occlusion or aneurysm
- usually done if having an active MI
- usually go through femoral, radial, or brachial artery
◉what nursing assessments should be done prior to having a heart
cath and what are some complications. Answer: - check allergies,
renal function, hold metformin
- check pulses, blood pressure, make sure good IV access, NPO, full
cardiac assessment
complications
- stroke, MI, bleeding, death, lethal dysrhythmias, contrast rxn
◉what is a right sided heart cath. Answer: looking at the function of
valves and pressure of the heart
, - usually go thru vein like jugular
- done if not having an active MI and usually in combo with a left
cath
◉what is the nurses role with educating heart patients. Answer: the
importance of eating healthy, follow up appointments, getting
exercise, staying on medications
- taking a high blood pressure medication still means you have high
blood pressure even if the medications makes your B/P in a normal
level
◉what is arteriosclerosis vs atherosclerosis. Answer:
arteriosclerosis - thickening of an artery wall due to aging
atherosclerosis - type of arteriosclerosis that is caused by the build
up of plague and inflammation, it effects blood flow and causes a
decreased flow
◉What is intimal hyperplasia?. Answer: the walls of the vessel
become damaged due to injury
- tear, diabetes, HTN
◉what are some risk factors for developing PAD. Answer: HTN
(turbulent blood flow
diabetes (molecules have sharp edges)
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉what are the normal heart sounds vs abnormal. Answer: normal:
S1 S2
abnormal
- bruits = swishing turbulence do to blockage in artery
- murmur = valve issue, blowing
- friction rub = due to inflammation, can hear when they hold their
breath
- S3 S4 = gallops (can be normal in those <30)
◉what things about the lungs can tell us of heart issues. Answer: -
crackles, SOB, pink frothy sputum
- can show signs of fluid overload in the lungs (left sided heart
failure)
◉what are some important cardiac labs. Answer: TROPONIN - if
elevated shows cardiac damage, can stay high for ten days
- lipid levels
- homocysteine
,- electrolyte levels especially POTASSIUM
◉what are some cardiac diagnostic tests. Answer: 12 lead,
continuous monitoring, echo, CT, chest xray, stress test (look at HR)
◉What does the 12 lead EKG show?. Answer: how electrical signals
move through the heart
◉what is a left sided heart cath. Answer: usually looking at coronary
arteries to look for a occlusion or aneurysm
- usually done if having an active MI
- usually go through femoral, radial, or brachial artery
◉what nursing assessments should be done prior to having a heart
cath and what are some complications. Answer: - check allergies,
renal function, hold metformin
- check pulses, blood pressure, make sure good IV access, NPO, full
cardiac assessment
complications
- stroke, MI, bleeding, death, lethal dysrhythmias, contrast rxn
◉what is a right sided heart cath. Answer: looking at the function of
valves and pressure of the heart
, - usually go thru vein like jugular
- done if not having an active MI and usually in combo with a left
cath
◉what is the nurses role with educating heart patients. Answer: the
importance of eating healthy, follow up appointments, getting
exercise, staying on medications
- taking a high blood pressure medication still means you have high
blood pressure even if the medications makes your B/P in a normal
level
◉what is arteriosclerosis vs atherosclerosis. Answer:
arteriosclerosis - thickening of an artery wall due to aging
atherosclerosis - type of arteriosclerosis that is caused by the build
up of plague and inflammation, it effects blood flow and causes a
decreased flow
◉What is intimal hyperplasia?. Answer: the walls of the vessel
become damaged due to injury
- tear, diabetes, HTN
◉what are some risk factors for developing PAD. Answer: HTN
(turbulent blood flow
diabetes (molecules have sharp edges)
