(Paper 2: Human Anatomy & Physiology – Assessment Set
B)
75 Multiple Choice Questions | 75 True/False Questions | Total: 150 Questions
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)
Instructions: Choose the single best answer for each question.
1. Which organ system includes the bones, cartilage, and joints?
A. Muscular system
B. Skeletal system
C. Integumentary system
D. Connective system
Answer: B. Skeletal system
Rationale: The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints. It provides structure,
protects organs, enables movement, and produces blood cells.
2. What is the term for the chemical messengers released by endocrine glands into the
bloodstream?
A. Enzymes
B. Neurotransmitters
C. Hormones
D. Cytokines
Answer: C. Hormones
Rationale: Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands that travel through the blood
to target organs, regulating physiological processes.
3. Which part of the neuron conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body?
A. Dendrite
B. Nucleus
C. Myelin sheath
D. Axon
Answer: D. Axon
Rationale: The axon (nerve fiber) conducts action potentials away from the neuron cell body (soma) toward
the axon terminals, where neurotransmitters are released.
4. What does the acronym 'DNA' stand for?
A. Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
B. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
C. Divalent Nucleotide Acid
D. Dual Nucleic Acid
Answer: B. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Rationale: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the double-stranded helical molecule that carries genetic
information in the nucleus of cells, directing protein synthesis.
5. Which type of blood cell is responsible for carrying oxygen?
A. Leukocyte
B. Platelet
, C. Erythrocyte
D. Monocyte
Answer: C. Erythrocyte
Rationale: Erythrocytes (red blood cells) contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen from the
lungs to tissues and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs.
6. What is the name of the flap of cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing?
A. Uvula
B. Epiglottis
C. Glottis
D. Soft palate
Answer: B. Epiglottis
Rationale: The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped cartilaginous flap that folds over the opening of the larynx during
swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway.
7. Which mineral is the main component of bones and teeth?
A. Iron
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Calcium
Rationale: Calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) is the primary mineral component of bone and tooth enamel,
providing hardness and structural strength.
8. What is the approximate pH of normal human blood?
A. 6.8
B. 7.0
C. 7.4
D. 8.0
Answer: C. 7.4
Rationale: Normal blood pH is tightly maintained at 7.35–7.45 (slightly alkaline). Values below 7.35 indicate
acidosis; above 7.45 indicate alkalosis.
9. Which part of the digestive system absorbs most nutrients?
A. Stomach
B. Large intestine
C. Esophagus
D. Small intestine
Answer: D. Small intestine
Rationale: The small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) is the primary site of nutrient absorption, aided by
villi and microvilli that greatly increase surface area.
10. What is the function of platelets?
A. Transport oxygen
B. Produce antibodies
C. Participate in blood clotting
D. Digest bacteria
Answer: C. Participate in blood clotting
Rationale: Platelets (thrombocytes) are cell fragments that aggregate at injury sites, releasing clotting factors
and forming a platelet plug as the first step in hemostasis.
, 11. Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing vision?
A. Frontal lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Parietal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
Answer: D. Occipital lobe
Rationale: The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex (V1) and visual association areas that
process visual information received from the retina via the optic tracts.
12. What is the term for the process of breathing in (inhaling)?
A. Expiration
B. Inspiration
C. Ventilation
D. Perfusion
Answer: B. Inspiration
Rationale: Inspiration (inhalation) is the active process of drawing air into the lungs, primarily driven by
diaphragm contraction that increases thoracic volume and decreases intrathoracic pressure.
13. Which structure in the female reproductive system is where fertilization typically occurs?
A. Uterus
B. Ovary
C. Fallopian tube
D. Cervix
Answer: C. Fallopian tube
Rationale: Fertilization most commonly occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube (uterine tube), where the
sperm meets the ovulated oocyte within 12–24 hours of ovulation.
14. What is the role of the gallbladder?
A. Produce digestive enzymes
B. Store and concentrate bile
C. Filter blood
D. Produce hormones
Answer: B. Store and concentrate bile
Rationale: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. Upon eating (especially fats),
CCK stimulates gallbladder contraction, releasing bile into the duodenum.
15. Which organ filters lymph and removes old red blood cells?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Thymus
D. Spleen
Answer: D. Spleen
Rationale: The spleen filters blood and lymph, destroys old/damaged RBCs via splenic macrophages, acts
as a blood reservoir, and is a secondary lymphoid organ for immune responses.
16. What is the anatomical term for the back (posterior) surface of the body?
A. Ventral
B. Anterior
C. Dorsal
D. Lateral
Answer: C. Dorsal
B)
75 Multiple Choice Questions | 75 True/False Questions | Total: 150 Questions
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)
Instructions: Choose the single best answer for each question.
1. Which organ system includes the bones, cartilage, and joints?
A. Muscular system
B. Skeletal system
C. Integumentary system
D. Connective system
Answer: B. Skeletal system
Rationale: The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints. It provides structure,
protects organs, enables movement, and produces blood cells.
2. What is the term for the chemical messengers released by endocrine glands into the
bloodstream?
A. Enzymes
B. Neurotransmitters
C. Hormones
D. Cytokines
Answer: C. Hormones
Rationale: Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands that travel through the blood
to target organs, regulating physiological processes.
3. Which part of the neuron conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body?
A. Dendrite
B. Nucleus
C. Myelin sheath
D. Axon
Answer: D. Axon
Rationale: The axon (nerve fiber) conducts action potentials away from the neuron cell body (soma) toward
the axon terminals, where neurotransmitters are released.
4. What does the acronym 'DNA' stand for?
A. Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
B. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
C. Divalent Nucleotide Acid
D. Dual Nucleic Acid
Answer: B. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Rationale: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the double-stranded helical molecule that carries genetic
information in the nucleus of cells, directing protein synthesis.
5. Which type of blood cell is responsible for carrying oxygen?
A. Leukocyte
B. Platelet
, C. Erythrocyte
D. Monocyte
Answer: C. Erythrocyte
Rationale: Erythrocytes (red blood cells) contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen from the
lungs to tissues and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs.
6. What is the name of the flap of cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing?
A. Uvula
B. Epiglottis
C. Glottis
D. Soft palate
Answer: B. Epiglottis
Rationale: The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped cartilaginous flap that folds over the opening of the larynx during
swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway.
7. Which mineral is the main component of bones and teeth?
A. Iron
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Calcium
Rationale: Calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) is the primary mineral component of bone and tooth enamel,
providing hardness and structural strength.
8. What is the approximate pH of normal human blood?
A. 6.8
B. 7.0
C. 7.4
D. 8.0
Answer: C. 7.4
Rationale: Normal blood pH is tightly maintained at 7.35–7.45 (slightly alkaline). Values below 7.35 indicate
acidosis; above 7.45 indicate alkalosis.
9. Which part of the digestive system absorbs most nutrients?
A. Stomach
B. Large intestine
C. Esophagus
D. Small intestine
Answer: D. Small intestine
Rationale: The small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) is the primary site of nutrient absorption, aided by
villi and microvilli that greatly increase surface area.
10. What is the function of platelets?
A. Transport oxygen
B. Produce antibodies
C. Participate in blood clotting
D. Digest bacteria
Answer: C. Participate in blood clotting
Rationale: Platelets (thrombocytes) are cell fragments that aggregate at injury sites, releasing clotting factors
and forming a platelet plug as the first step in hemostasis.
, 11. Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing vision?
A. Frontal lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Parietal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
Answer: D. Occipital lobe
Rationale: The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex (V1) and visual association areas that
process visual information received from the retina via the optic tracts.
12. What is the term for the process of breathing in (inhaling)?
A. Expiration
B. Inspiration
C. Ventilation
D. Perfusion
Answer: B. Inspiration
Rationale: Inspiration (inhalation) is the active process of drawing air into the lungs, primarily driven by
diaphragm contraction that increases thoracic volume and decreases intrathoracic pressure.
13. Which structure in the female reproductive system is where fertilization typically occurs?
A. Uterus
B. Ovary
C. Fallopian tube
D. Cervix
Answer: C. Fallopian tube
Rationale: Fertilization most commonly occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube (uterine tube), where the
sperm meets the ovulated oocyte within 12–24 hours of ovulation.
14. What is the role of the gallbladder?
A. Produce digestive enzymes
B. Store and concentrate bile
C. Filter blood
D. Produce hormones
Answer: B. Store and concentrate bile
Rationale: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. Upon eating (especially fats),
CCK stimulates gallbladder contraction, releasing bile into the duodenum.
15. Which organ filters lymph and removes old red blood cells?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Thymus
D. Spleen
Answer: D. Spleen
Rationale: The spleen filters blood and lymph, destroys old/damaged RBCs via splenic macrophages, acts
as a blood reservoir, and is a secondary lymphoid organ for immune responses.
16. What is the anatomical term for the back (posterior) surface of the body?
A. Ventral
B. Anterior
C. Dorsal
D. Lateral
Answer: C. Dorsal
