HAPS REVIEW 4 COMPREHENSIVE SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ Precapillary sphincters. Answer: function Rings of smooth muscle
that open/close capillaries
◉ Do all capillaries receive blood at once? Answer: No, blood does
not flow through all capillaries simultaneously
◉ Collateral arterie. Answer: function Backup routes for blood flow
◉ Arterial anastomosis Answer: Definition Artery-to-artery
connection
◉ Arteriovenous anastomosis Answer: function Bypasses capillary
bed (thermoregulation)
◉ Venous blood reservoirs Answer: percentage 65-70% of blood
volume stored in veins
◉ Why veins stretch easily Answer: High capacitance
, ◉ Venoconstriction purpose Answer: Shifts blood to arteries during
blood loss
◉ Venous return helped by Answer: Skeletal muscle pump
◉ Venous return helped by Answer: Respiratory pump
◉ Venous return helped by Answer: Venous valves
◉ Flow equation Answer: F = ΔP / R
◉ ΔP definition Answer: Pressure gradient
◉ Resistance increases when Answer: Vessel diameter decreases
◉ Resistance increases when Answer: Blood viscosity increases
◉ Resistance increases when Answer: Turbulence occurs (plaques)
◉ Diameter change effect on resistance Answer: Small decrease →
exponential increase in resistance
2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ Precapillary sphincters. Answer: function Rings of smooth muscle
that open/close capillaries
◉ Do all capillaries receive blood at once? Answer: No, blood does
not flow through all capillaries simultaneously
◉ Collateral arterie. Answer: function Backup routes for blood flow
◉ Arterial anastomosis Answer: Definition Artery-to-artery
connection
◉ Arteriovenous anastomosis Answer: function Bypasses capillary
bed (thermoregulation)
◉ Venous blood reservoirs Answer: percentage 65-70% of blood
volume stored in veins
◉ Why veins stretch easily Answer: High capacitance
, ◉ Venoconstriction purpose Answer: Shifts blood to arteries during
blood loss
◉ Venous return helped by Answer: Skeletal muscle pump
◉ Venous return helped by Answer: Respiratory pump
◉ Venous return helped by Answer: Venous valves
◉ Flow equation Answer: F = ΔP / R
◉ ΔP definition Answer: Pressure gradient
◉ Resistance increases when Answer: Vessel diameter decreases
◉ Resistance increases when Answer: Blood viscosity increases
◉ Resistance increases when Answer: Turbulence occurs (plaques)
◉ Diameter change effect on resistance Answer: Small decrease →
exponential increase in resistance