NREMTjkPracticejkTestjkBankjk-jkMultiplejkChoice
Hypoglycemiajkandjkacutejkischemicjkstrokejkcanjkpresentjksimilarlyjkbecause
:
•jkA:bothjkoxygenjkandjkglucosejkarejkneededjkforjkbrainjkfunction.
•jkB:thejkmajorityjkofjkstrokejkpatientsjkhavejkajkhistoryjkofjkdiabetes.
•jkC:thejkmostjkcommonjkcausejkofjkajkstrokejkisjkhypoglycemia.
•jkD:theyjkarejkbothjkcausedjkbyjklowjklevelsjkofjkglucosejkinjkthejkblood.jk-
jkCORRECTjkANSWER✔•jkA:bothjkoxygenjkandjkglucosejkarejkneededjkforj
kbrainjkfunction.
Reason:jkAlthoughjkstrokejkandjkhypoglycemiajkarejktwojkdistinctlyjkdifferent
jkconditions,jktheirjksignsjkandjksymptomsjkarejkoftenjksimilar. jkThisjkisjkbecaus
ejkthejkbrainjkrequiresjkbothjkoxygenjkandjkglucosejktojkfunctionjknormally.jkAnj
kacutejkischemic jkstrokejkisjkcausedjkbyjkajklackjkofjkoxygenjktojkajkpartjkofjkthejkb
rainjkduejktojkajkblockedjkcerebraljkartery,jkwhereasjkhypoglycemiajk(lowjkbloo
djkglucosejklevel)jkdeprivesjkthejkentirejkbrainjkofjkglucose.jkInjkeitherjkcase,jkth
ejkpatientjkpresentsjkwithjksignsjkofjkimpairedjkbrainjkfunctionjk(ie,jkslurredjkspe
ech,jkweakness,jkalteredjkmentaljkstatus).jkBothjkconditionsjkmayjkleadjktojkper
manentjkbrainjkdamagejkorjkdeathjkifjknotjktreatedjkpromptly.
Whenjkdealingjkwithjkanjkemotionallyjkdisturbedjkpatient,jkyoujkshouldjkbejkM
OSTjkconcernedjkwith:
•jkA:gatheringjkalljkofjkthejkpatient'sjkmedications.
•jkB:safelyjktransportingjktojkthejkhospital.
,•jkC:whetherjkthejkpatientjkcouldjkharmjkyou.
•jkD:obtainingjkajkcompletejkmedicaljkhistory.jk-
jkCORRECTjkANSWER✔YoujkselectedjkC;jkThisjkisjkcorrect!
Reason:jkWhenjkmanagingjkanyjkpatientjkwithjkanjkemotionaljkorjkpsychiatricjk
crisis,jkyourjkprimaryjkconcernjkisjkyourjkownjksafety.jkSafelyjktransportingjkth
ejkpatientjktojkthejkhospitaljkisjkyourjkultimatejkgoal.jkIfjkpossible,jkyoujkshouldjk
attemptjktojkobtainjkajkmedicaljkhistoryjkandjkshouldjktakejkanyjkofjkthejkpatient'
sjkprescribedjkmedicationsjktojkthejkhospital.jkHowever,jkthisjkshouldjknotjksup
ercedejkyourjkownjksafetyjkorjkinterferejkwithjksafelyjktransportingjkthejkpatient
.
Youjkarejkatjkthejkscenejkwherejkajkmanjkpanickedjkwhilejkswimmingjkinjkajksma
lljklake.jkYourjkinitialjkattemptjktojkrescuejkhimjkshouldjkinclude:
•jkA:rowingjkajksmalljkraftjktojkthejkvictim.
•jkB:reachingjkforjkthejkvictimjkwithjkajklongjkstick.
•jkC:throwingjkajkropejktojkthejkvictim.
•jkD:swimmingjktojkthejkvictimjktojkrescuejkhim.jk-
jkCORRECTjkANSWER✔YoujkselectedjkB;jkThisjkisjkcorrect!
Reason:jkGeneraljkrulesjktojkfollowjkwhenjkattemptingjktojkrescuejkajkpatientjkfr
omjkthejkwaterjkincludejk"reach,jkthrow,jkrow,jkandjkthenjkgo."jkInjkthisjkcase,jky
oujkshouldjkattemptjktojkreachjkthejkvictimjkbyjkhavingjkhimjkgrabjkholdjkofjkajkla
rgejkstickjkorjksimilarjkobject.jkIfjkthisjkisjkunsuccessful,jkthrowjkthejkvictimjkajkr
opejkorjkflotationjkdevicejk(ifjkavailable).jkIfjkthesejkarejknotjkavailable,jkrowjktojk
thejkpatientjkinjkajksmalljkraftjk(ifjkavailable).jkGoingjkintojkthejkwaterjktojkretriev
ejkthejkvictimjkisjkajklastjkresort.jkThejkrescuerjkmustjkbejkajkstrongjkswimmerjkbe
causejkpatientsjkwhojkarejkinjkdangerjkofjkdrowningjkarejkinjkajkstatejkofjkblindjkp
,anicjkandjkwilljkmakejkeveryjkattemptjktojkkeepjkthemselvesjkafloat,jkevenjkifjkitjk
meansjkforcingjkthejkrescuerjkunderwater.
Howjkshouldjkyoujkclassifyjkajkpatient'sjknaturejkofjkillnessjkifjkhejkorjkshejkhasjkaj
klowjkbloodjkglucosejklevel,jkbizarrejkbehavior,jkandjkshallowjkbreathing?
•jkA:Behavioraljkemergency
•jkB:Alteredjkmentaljkstatus
•jkC:Respiratoryjkemergency
•jkD:Cardiacjkcompromisejk-
jkCORRECTjkANSWER✔ThejkcorrectjkanswerjkisjkB;
Reason:jkThejknaturejkofjkillnessjk(NOI)jkisjkthejkmedicaljkequivalentjktojkmech
anismjkofjkinjuryjk(MOI).jkAlteredjkmentaljkstatusjkshouldjkbejkthejksuspectedjk
NOIjkinjkanyjkpatientjkwithjkanyjkfluctuationjkinjkleveljkofjkconsciousness,jkwhi
chjkcanjkrangejkfromjkbizarrejkbehaviorjktojkcompletejkunresponsiveness.jkCau
sesjkofjkanjkalteredjkmentaljkstatusjkincludejkhypo-
jkorjkhyperglycemia,jkheadjktrauma,jkstroke,jkbehavioraljkcrises,jkdrugjkoverdo
se,jkandjkshock,jkamongjkothers.
Ajkyoungjkfemalejkisjkunresponsivejkafterjkoverdosingjkonjkanjkunknownjktypej
kofjkdrug.jkHerjkrespirationsjkarejkslowjkandjkshallowjkandjkherjkpulsejkisjkslowjka
ndjkweak.jkWhichjkofjkthejkfollowingjkdrugsjkisjkthejkLEASTjklikelyjkcausejkofjk
herjkcondition?
•jkA:Seconal
•jkB:Heroin
•jkC:Cocaine
•jkD:Valiumjk-jkCORRECTjkANSWER✔ThejkcorrectjkanswerjkisjkC;
, Reason:jkOfjkthejkdrugsjklisted,jkcocainejkwouldjkbejkthejkleastjklikelyjkcausejkofj
kthejkpatient's jkcondition. jkCocainejkisjkajkcentraljknervousjksystemjk(CNS)jksti
mulant;jkyoujkwouldjkexpectjkherjktojkbejkhypertensive,jktachycardic,jktachypn
eic,jkandjkperhapsjkevenjkviolent.jkHeroin,jkValium,jkandjkSeconaljkarejkalljkCN
Sjkdepressantsjkandjkcouldjkexplainjkherjkcondition.jkHeroinjkisjkanjkillegaljknar
coticjk(opiate),jkValiumjkisjkajkbenzodiazepinejksedative-
hypnoticjkdrug,jkandjkSeconaljkisjkajkbarbiturate.jkNarcotics,jkbenzodiazepine
s,jkandjkbarbituratesjkarejkalljkCNSjkdepressants.jkWhenjktakenjkinjkexcess,jkthe
yjkcausejkajkdecreasedjkleveljkofjkconsciousness,jkrespiratoryjkdepression,jkbra
dycardia,jkandjkhypotension.
Activatedjkcharcoaljkisjkcontraindicatedjkforjkajkpatientjkwhojkis:
•jkA:consciousjkandjkalertjkandjkhasjkingestedjkajklargejkamountjkofjkMotrin.
•jkB:emotionallyjkupsetjkandjkhasjkingestedjktwojkbottlesjkofjkaspirin.
•jkC:agitatedjkandjkclaimsjktojkhavejkingestedjkajkbottlejkofjkTylenol.
•jkD:awakejkandjkalertjkandjkhasjkswallowedjkajkcommercialjkdrainjkcleaner.jk-
jkCORRECTjkANSWER✔YoujkselectedjkD;jkThisjkisjkcorrect!
Reason:Activatedjkcharcoaljkadsorbsjk(sticksjkto)jkmanyjkingestedjksubstance
s,jkpreventingjkthemjkfromjkbeingjkabsorbedjkintojkthejkbodyjkbyjkthejkstomachjk
orjkintestines.jkInjksomejkcases,jkyoujkmayjkgivejkactivatedjkcharcoaljktojkpatien
tsjkwhojkhavejkingestedjkcertainjksubstances,jkifjkapprovedjkbyjkmedicaljkcontr
oljkorjklocaljkprotocol.jkActivatedjkcharcoaljkisjkcontraindicatedjkforjkpatientsjk
whojkhavejkingestedjkanjkacidjkorjkalkalijk(ie,jkdrainjkcleaner)jkorjkajkpetroleumjk
productjk(ie,jkgasoline),jkwhojkhavejkajkdecreasedjkleveljkofjkconsciousnessjkan
djkcannotjkprotectjktheirjkownjkairway,jkorjkwhojkarejkunablejktojkswallow.
Hypoglycemiajkandjkacutejkischemicjkstrokejkcanjkpresentjksimilarlyjkbecause
:
•jkA:bothjkoxygenjkandjkglucosejkarejkneededjkforjkbrainjkfunction.
•jkB:thejkmajorityjkofjkstrokejkpatientsjkhavejkajkhistoryjkofjkdiabetes.
•jkC:thejkmostjkcommonjkcausejkofjkajkstrokejkisjkhypoglycemia.
•jkD:theyjkarejkbothjkcausedjkbyjklowjklevelsjkofjkglucosejkinjkthejkblood.jk-
jkCORRECTjkANSWER✔•jkA:bothjkoxygenjkandjkglucosejkarejkneededjkforj
kbrainjkfunction.
Reason:jkAlthoughjkstrokejkandjkhypoglycemiajkarejktwojkdistinctlyjkdifferent
jkconditions,jktheirjksignsjkandjksymptomsjkarejkoftenjksimilar. jkThisjkisjkbecaus
ejkthejkbrainjkrequiresjkbothjkoxygenjkandjkglucosejktojkfunctionjknormally.jkAnj
kacutejkischemic jkstrokejkisjkcausedjkbyjkajklackjkofjkoxygenjktojkajkpartjkofjkthejkb
rainjkduejktojkajkblockedjkcerebraljkartery,jkwhereasjkhypoglycemiajk(lowjkbloo
djkglucosejklevel)jkdeprivesjkthejkentirejkbrainjkofjkglucose.jkInjkeitherjkcase,jkth
ejkpatientjkpresentsjkwithjksignsjkofjkimpairedjkbrainjkfunctionjk(ie,jkslurredjkspe
ech,jkweakness,jkalteredjkmentaljkstatus).jkBothjkconditionsjkmayjkleadjktojkper
manentjkbrainjkdamagejkorjkdeathjkifjknotjktreatedjkpromptly.
Whenjkdealingjkwithjkanjkemotionallyjkdisturbedjkpatient,jkyoujkshouldjkbejkM
OSTjkconcernedjkwith:
•jkA:gatheringjkalljkofjkthejkpatient'sjkmedications.
•jkB:safelyjktransportingjktojkthejkhospital.
,•jkC:whetherjkthejkpatientjkcouldjkharmjkyou.
•jkD:obtainingjkajkcompletejkmedicaljkhistory.jk-
jkCORRECTjkANSWER✔YoujkselectedjkC;jkThisjkisjkcorrect!
Reason:jkWhenjkmanagingjkanyjkpatientjkwithjkanjkemotionaljkorjkpsychiatricjk
crisis,jkyourjkprimaryjkconcernjkisjkyourjkownjksafety.jkSafelyjktransportingjkth
ejkpatientjktojkthejkhospitaljkisjkyourjkultimatejkgoal.jkIfjkpossible,jkyoujkshouldjk
attemptjktojkobtainjkajkmedicaljkhistoryjkandjkshouldjktakejkanyjkofjkthejkpatient'
sjkprescribedjkmedicationsjktojkthejkhospital.jkHowever,jkthisjkshouldjknotjksup
ercedejkyourjkownjksafetyjkorjkinterferejkwithjksafelyjktransportingjkthejkpatient
.
Youjkarejkatjkthejkscenejkwherejkajkmanjkpanickedjkwhilejkswimmingjkinjkajksma
lljklake.jkYourjkinitialjkattemptjktojkrescuejkhimjkshouldjkinclude:
•jkA:rowingjkajksmalljkraftjktojkthejkvictim.
•jkB:reachingjkforjkthejkvictimjkwithjkajklongjkstick.
•jkC:throwingjkajkropejktojkthejkvictim.
•jkD:swimmingjktojkthejkvictimjktojkrescuejkhim.jk-
jkCORRECTjkANSWER✔YoujkselectedjkB;jkThisjkisjkcorrect!
Reason:jkGeneraljkrulesjktojkfollowjkwhenjkattemptingjktojkrescuejkajkpatientjkfr
omjkthejkwaterjkincludejk"reach,jkthrow,jkrow,jkandjkthenjkgo."jkInjkthisjkcase,jky
oujkshouldjkattemptjktojkreachjkthejkvictimjkbyjkhavingjkhimjkgrabjkholdjkofjkajkla
rgejkstickjkorjksimilarjkobject.jkIfjkthisjkisjkunsuccessful,jkthrowjkthejkvictimjkajkr
opejkorjkflotationjkdevicejk(ifjkavailable).jkIfjkthesejkarejknotjkavailable,jkrowjktojk
thejkpatientjkinjkajksmalljkraftjk(ifjkavailable).jkGoingjkintojkthejkwaterjktojkretriev
ejkthejkvictimjkisjkajklastjkresort.jkThejkrescuerjkmustjkbejkajkstrongjkswimmerjkbe
causejkpatientsjkwhojkarejkinjkdangerjkofjkdrowningjkarejkinjkajkstatejkofjkblindjkp
,anicjkandjkwilljkmakejkeveryjkattemptjktojkkeepjkthemselvesjkafloat,jkevenjkifjkitjk
meansjkforcingjkthejkrescuerjkunderwater.
Howjkshouldjkyoujkclassifyjkajkpatient'sjknaturejkofjkillnessjkifjkhejkorjkshejkhasjkaj
klowjkbloodjkglucosejklevel,jkbizarrejkbehavior,jkandjkshallowjkbreathing?
•jkA:Behavioraljkemergency
•jkB:Alteredjkmentaljkstatus
•jkC:Respiratoryjkemergency
•jkD:Cardiacjkcompromisejk-
jkCORRECTjkANSWER✔ThejkcorrectjkanswerjkisjkB;
Reason:jkThejknaturejkofjkillnessjk(NOI)jkisjkthejkmedicaljkequivalentjktojkmech
anismjkofjkinjuryjk(MOI).jkAlteredjkmentaljkstatusjkshouldjkbejkthejksuspectedjk
NOIjkinjkanyjkpatientjkwithjkanyjkfluctuationjkinjkleveljkofjkconsciousness,jkwhi
chjkcanjkrangejkfromjkbizarrejkbehaviorjktojkcompletejkunresponsiveness.jkCau
sesjkofjkanjkalteredjkmentaljkstatusjkincludejkhypo-
jkorjkhyperglycemia,jkheadjktrauma,jkstroke,jkbehavioraljkcrises,jkdrugjkoverdo
se,jkandjkshock,jkamongjkothers.
Ajkyoungjkfemalejkisjkunresponsivejkafterjkoverdosingjkonjkanjkunknownjktypej
kofjkdrug.jkHerjkrespirationsjkarejkslowjkandjkshallowjkandjkherjkpulsejkisjkslowjka
ndjkweak.jkWhichjkofjkthejkfollowingjkdrugsjkisjkthejkLEASTjklikelyjkcausejkofjk
herjkcondition?
•jkA:Seconal
•jkB:Heroin
•jkC:Cocaine
•jkD:Valiumjk-jkCORRECTjkANSWER✔ThejkcorrectjkanswerjkisjkC;
, Reason:jkOfjkthejkdrugsjklisted,jkcocainejkwouldjkbejkthejkleastjklikelyjkcausejkofj
kthejkpatient's jkcondition. jkCocainejkisjkajkcentraljknervousjksystemjk(CNS)jksti
mulant;jkyoujkwouldjkexpectjkherjktojkbejkhypertensive,jktachycardic,jktachypn
eic,jkandjkperhapsjkevenjkviolent.jkHeroin,jkValium,jkandjkSeconaljkarejkalljkCN
Sjkdepressantsjkandjkcouldjkexplainjkherjkcondition.jkHeroinjkisjkanjkillegaljknar
coticjk(opiate),jkValiumjkisjkajkbenzodiazepinejksedative-
hypnoticjkdrug,jkandjkSeconaljkisjkajkbarbiturate.jkNarcotics,jkbenzodiazepine
s,jkandjkbarbituratesjkarejkalljkCNSjkdepressants.jkWhenjktakenjkinjkexcess,jkthe
yjkcausejkajkdecreasedjkleveljkofjkconsciousness,jkrespiratoryjkdepression,jkbra
dycardia,jkandjkhypotension.
Activatedjkcharcoaljkisjkcontraindicatedjkforjkajkpatientjkwhojkis:
•jkA:consciousjkandjkalertjkandjkhasjkingestedjkajklargejkamountjkofjkMotrin.
•jkB:emotionallyjkupsetjkandjkhasjkingestedjktwojkbottlesjkofjkaspirin.
•jkC:agitatedjkandjkclaimsjktojkhavejkingestedjkajkbottlejkofjkTylenol.
•jkD:awakejkandjkalertjkandjkhasjkswallowedjkajkcommercialjkdrainjkcleaner.jk-
jkCORRECTjkANSWER✔YoujkselectedjkD;jkThisjkisjkcorrect!
Reason:Activatedjkcharcoaljkadsorbsjk(sticksjkto)jkmanyjkingestedjksubstance
s,jkpreventingjkthemjkfromjkbeingjkabsorbedjkintojkthejkbodyjkbyjkthejkstomachjk
orjkintestines.jkInjksomejkcases,jkyoujkmayjkgivejkactivatedjkcharcoaljktojkpatien
tsjkwhojkhavejkingestedjkcertainjksubstances,jkifjkapprovedjkbyjkmedicaljkcontr
oljkorjklocaljkprotocol.jkActivatedjkcharcoaljkisjkcontraindicatedjkforjkpatientsjk
whojkhavejkingestedjkanjkacidjkorjkalkalijk(ie,jkdrainjkcleaner)jkorjkajkpetroleumjk
productjk(ie,jkgasoline),jkwhojkhavejkajkdecreasedjkleveljkofjkconsciousnessjkan
djkcannotjkprotectjktheirjkownjkairway,jkorjkwhojkarejkunablejktojkswallow.
