NUR 2755 MDC4 FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ Moderate Sedation Management.
Answer: Care during procedures requiring sedation.
◍ Fluid Electrolyte.
Answer: Balance of fluids and minerals in the body.
◍ Pneumothorax.
Answer: Air in pleural space causing lung collapse.
◍ Stage 4 of Parkinson's disease.
Answer: severe stage where the patient exhibits Akinesia and muscle
rigidity
◍ Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP).
Answer: -is defined as the average pressure in a patient's arteries during one
cardiac cycle. It is considered a better indicator of perfusion to vital organs
than systolic blood pressure (SBP)-equation is (SBP+(2XDBP))/3-SBP=
Systolic blood pressure-DBP= Diastolic blood pressure**IMPORTANT:
Remember, anything under 60mm hg= ineffective organ
perfusion****Note: sepsis patient have a low blood pressure of 78/52 with a
MAP of 61**
◍ Nursing Considerations of an Intubated Patient.
Answer: Nursing consideration include:-Keep the HOB elevated 30
degrees.-Be sure that all alarms are set.-Do not ignore or silence ventilator
alarms without assessing.-Empty the ventilatory tubing when moisture
collects.-Assess the client for the need to suction.-Perform mouth care every
2 hours.-Turn and reposition every 2 hours.-Communicate with both the
, client and the family by explaining all procedures.-Keep the family
informed and be supportive of their concerns, questions, and anxieties.-The
intubated client is in the ICU (intensive care unit) and depending on the
acuity may be a 1:1 ratio.-Assess tube placement, cuff leak, breath sounds,
pilot balloon, soft wrist restraints.-Always assess pt first then vent-Ambu
bag at HOB, Monitor O2 status, ABG, Volume status and hydration, alarms,
suctioning, Q2 turn and oral care-VAP (ventilator associated events)-
Tracheal damage, unplanned extubation, ventilator associated pneumonia,
stress related mucosal, anxiety, impaired nutrition
◍ Acid-base.
Answer: Regulation of pH levels in the body.
◍ Hemothorax.
Answer: -a chest trauma where their is blood in the pleural cavity-bleeding
in pleural space-treament: chest tube
◍ Medical Reserve Corps (MRC).
Answer: -Medical volunteer agency that is committed to supporting public
health and emergency response in the community-they are volunteers of
physicians and nurse and serve to alleviate large amounts of patients**Note:
they do not have their own equipment and must be supplied**
◍ Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Answer: Severe lung condition causing respiratory failure.
◍ Preoperative Care.
Answer: Preparation and assessment before surgery.
◍ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Answer: **Note: a form of the sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction
affecting both lungs, making breathing extremely difficult**-it is an Acute
Respiratory Failure with features such as: • Hypoxemia when 100% oxygen
is given (refractory hypoxemia, a cardinal feature)• Decreased pulmonary
compliance• Dyspnea• Noncardiac-associated bilateral pulmonary edema•
Dense pulmonary infiltrates on x-ray (ground-glass appearance)-S/S:
, Hyperpnea, noisy respirations, Sweating, respiratory effort, ABNORMAL
lung sounds not heard on auscultation, V/S hourly for hypotension,
tachycardia, dysrhythmias, Abnormal lung sounds are not heard on
auscultation, Edema occurs first in the interstitial spaces and not in the
airways, and Fever**Note: the trigger is a systemic inflammatory response
that activates a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines that maintain a
continuing inflammation in the alveoli and pulmonary vasculature.**
◍ Pre-operative period.
Answer: -a period that happens before the opperation that begins when
patient is scheduled for surgery; ends at time of transfer to surgical
suite**Note: it begins 2-3 weeks before the operation**-Assessment in this
period include:• Detailed history: like medical history, surgical history,
tolerance of anesthesia, medication use, complementary or alternative
practices (herbals), substance use (for tolerance indications), psychosocial
history, cultural considerations• Allergies: Medication, Latex, contrast
agents, and food products. allergies to banana or kiwi indicates a high risk
for latex reaction. eggs or soybean oil is contrainindication to the use of
propofol. shellfish allergies is an indication of povidone-iodine.• Anxiety:
providing information regarding the procedure, provide a support systems,
coping mechanism, and financial concerns.**Note: do not give the patient
false reassurance*• Baseline Data: by performing a head-to-toe assessment,
obtaining vital signs, and oxygen saturations• Venous Thromboembolism
Risk: evaluation based on surgical procedure, patient history, anticipated
time the patient will be immobilized following surgery
◍ Postoperative Care.
Answer: Care provided after surgical procedures.
◍ Initial Stage of Shock.
Answer: -in this stage of shock, the patient's baseline MAP is decreased by
less than 10 mm Hg-at this stage, the Compensatory mechanisms are
effective at returning systolic pressure to normal at this stage; thus oxygen
perfusion to vital organs is maintained.-Cellular changes include increased
, anaerobic metabolism in some tissues with production of lactic acid,
although overall metabolism is still aerobic*Note: there are less production
of Lactic Acid at this stage, meaing it is unmeasurable.**-The compensation
responses of vascular constriction and increased heart rate are effective, and
both cardiac output and MAP are maintained within the normal
range.*Note: heart rate, blood pressure, and vital signs remain the same and
stable**-In hypovolemic shock: • Decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP)
of 5-10 mmHg from baseline value (Intravascular Volume is depleted 15%
or 750ml)• Increased sympathetic stimulation• Mild vasoconstriction•
Increased heart rate
◍ 2nd degree (full or deep partial thickness) burn.
Answer: -a partial thickness burn that is deeper into dermis, fewer healthy
cells remain-Exhibit Red and white, dry-blanches slowly or not at all,
Moderate edema, Pain is less bc of nerve destruction, and Blisters typically
do not form due to damage done to the capillaries**Note: if blisters are
present, it could indicate worse damage burn**-Healing time 2-6 weeks,
with scar formation and May need grafting for optimal healing-Inadequate
care may lead to full thickness conversion
◍ Elimination.
Answer: Removal of waste products from the body.
◍ Raccoon Eyes.
Answer: -Bruising around the eyes, indicative of a basilar skull fracture
from a traumatic brain injury-purplish discoloration around eyes that can
follow fracture of the skull's base.*When CT scans are used with head and
brain injury, these fractures are often visualized before bruising appears.*
◍ Prioritization of Care.
Answer: Determining order of patient care needs.
◍ Shock.
Answer: Critical condition from inadequate blood flow.
◍ Drains and Tubes.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ Moderate Sedation Management.
Answer: Care during procedures requiring sedation.
◍ Fluid Electrolyte.
Answer: Balance of fluids and minerals in the body.
◍ Pneumothorax.
Answer: Air in pleural space causing lung collapse.
◍ Stage 4 of Parkinson's disease.
Answer: severe stage where the patient exhibits Akinesia and muscle
rigidity
◍ Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP).
Answer: -is defined as the average pressure in a patient's arteries during one
cardiac cycle. It is considered a better indicator of perfusion to vital organs
than systolic blood pressure (SBP)-equation is (SBP+(2XDBP))/3-SBP=
Systolic blood pressure-DBP= Diastolic blood pressure**IMPORTANT:
Remember, anything under 60mm hg= ineffective organ
perfusion****Note: sepsis patient have a low blood pressure of 78/52 with a
MAP of 61**
◍ Nursing Considerations of an Intubated Patient.
Answer: Nursing consideration include:-Keep the HOB elevated 30
degrees.-Be sure that all alarms are set.-Do not ignore or silence ventilator
alarms without assessing.-Empty the ventilatory tubing when moisture
collects.-Assess the client for the need to suction.-Perform mouth care every
2 hours.-Turn and reposition every 2 hours.-Communicate with both the
, client and the family by explaining all procedures.-Keep the family
informed and be supportive of their concerns, questions, and anxieties.-The
intubated client is in the ICU (intensive care unit) and depending on the
acuity may be a 1:1 ratio.-Assess tube placement, cuff leak, breath sounds,
pilot balloon, soft wrist restraints.-Always assess pt first then vent-Ambu
bag at HOB, Monitor O2 status, ABG, Volume status and hydration, alarms,
suctioning, Q2 turn and oral care-VAP (ventilator associated events)-
Tracheal damage, unplanned extubation, ventilator associated pneumonia,
stress related mucosal, anxiety, impaired nutrition
◍ Acid-base.
Answer: Regulation of pH levels in the body.
◍ Hemothorax.
Answer: -a chest trauma where their is blood in the pleural cavity-bleeding
in pleural space-treament: chest tube
◍ Medical Reserve Corps (MRC).
Answer: -Medical volunteer agency that is committed to supporting public
health and emergency response in the community-they are volunteers of
physicians and nurse and serve to alleviate large amounts of patients**Note:
they do not have their own equipment and must be supplied**
◍ Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Answer: Severe lung condition causing respiratory failure.
◍ Preoperative Care.
Answer: Preparation and assessment before surgery.
◍ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Answer: **Note: a form of the sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction
affecting both lungs, making breathing extremely difficult**-it is an Acute
Respiratory Failure with features such as: • Hypoxemia when 100% oxygen
is given (refractory hypoxemia, a cardinal feature)• Decreased pulmonary
compliance• Dyspnea• Noncardiac-associated bilateral pulmonary edema•
Dense pulmonary infiltrates on x-ray (ground-glass appearance)-S/S:
, Hyperpnea, noisy respirations, Sweating, respiratory effort, ABNORMAL
lung sounds not heard on auscultation, V/S hourly for hypotension,
tachycardia, dysrhythmias, Abnormal lung sounds are not heard on
auscultation, Edema occurs first in the interstitial spaces and not in the
airways, and Fever**Note: the trigger is a systemic inflammatory response
that activates a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines that maintain a
continuing inflammation in the alveoli and pulmonary vasculature.**
◍ Pre-operative period.
Answer: -a period that happens before the opperation that begins when
patient is scheduled for surgery; ends at time of transfer to surgical
suite**Note: it begins 2-3 weeks before the operation**-Assessment in this
period include:• Detailed history: like medical history, surgical history,
tolerance of anesthesia, medication use, complementary or alternative
practices (herbals), substance use (for tolerance indications), psychosocial
history, cultural considerations• Allergies: Medication, Latex, contrast
agents, and food products. allergies to banana or kiwi indicates a high risk
for latex reaction. eggs or soybean oil is contrainindication to the use of
propofol. shellfish allergies is an indication of povidone-iodine.• Anxiety:
providing information regarding the procedure, provide a support systems,
coping mechanism, and financial concerns.**Note: do not give the patient
false reassurance*• Baseline Data: by performing a head-to-toe assessment,
obtaining vital signs, and oxygen saturations• Venous Thromboembolism
Risk: evaluation based on surgical procedure, patient history, anticipated
time the patient will be immobilized following surgery
◍ Postoperative Care.
Answer: Care provided after surgical procedures.
◍ Initial Stage of Shock.
Answer: -in this stage of shock, the patient's baseline MAP is decreased by
less than 10 mm Hg-at this stage, the Compensatory mechanisms are
effective at returning systolic pressure to normal at this stage; thus oxygen
perfusion to vital organs is maintained.-Cellular changes include increased
, anaerobic metabolism in some tissues with production of lactic acid,
although overall metabolism is still aerobic*Note: there are less production
of Lactic Acid at this stage, meaing it is unmeasurable.**-The compensation
responses of vascular constriction and increased heart rate are effective, and
both cardiac output and MAP are maintained within the normal
range.*Note: heart rate, blood pressure, and vital signs remain the same and
stable**-In hypovolemic shock: • Decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP)
of 5-10 mmHg from baseline value (Intravascular Volume is depleted 15%
or 750ml)• Increased sympathetic stimulation• Mild vasoconstriction•
Increased heart rate
◍ 2nd degree (full or deep partial thickness) burn.
Answer: -a partial thickness burn that is deeper into dermis, fewer healthy
cells remain-Exhibit Red and white, dry-blanches slowly or not at all,
Moderate edema, Pain is less bc of nerve destruction, and Blisters typically
do not form due to damage done to the capillaries**Note: if blisters are
present, it could indicate worse damage burn**-Healing time 2-6 weeks,
with scar formation and May need grafting for optimal healing-Inadequate
care may lead to full thickness conversion
◍ Elimination.
Answer: Removal of waste products from the body.
◍ Raccoon Eyes.
Answer: -Bruising around the eyes, indicative of a basilar skull fracture
from a traumatic brain injury-purplish discoloration around eyes that can
follow fracture of the skull's base.*When CT scans are used with head and
brain injury, these fractures are often visualized before bruising appears.*
◍ Prioritization of Care.
Answer: Determining order of patient care needs.
◍ Shock.
Answer: Critical condition from inadequate blood flow.
◍ Drains and Tubes.
