NR668 EXAMINATION 2026 VERIFIED
SOLUTION COMPENDIUM
◉Cardiometabolic effects of Atypical antipsychotics. Answer: -
Weight gain
-Dyslipidemia
-Insulin Resistance/ Diabetes
-Cardiovascular events
• Premature death
-Establish family history
-Monitor: Waist circumference, Blood Pressure, Weight/BMI, Fasting
lipid panel & fasting blood glucose
◉metabolic risk of atypical antipsychotics. Answer: -Clozaril &
Olanzapine (Greatest risk)
-Risperidone & Quetiapine (Moderate risk)
-Aripiprazole & Ziprasidone (Lower metabolic risk)
◉EPS (Extrapyramidal Symptoms). Answer: -may result from
antipsychotic use
-wastebasket term for:
,• Akathisia
• Dystonia
• Bradykinesia
• Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
• Parkinsonism
• Tardive Dyskinesia
• Tremor
-results from dopamine blockade
-Scales utilized to monitor for signs of Tardive Dyskinesia
• example: AIMS scale
◉Akathisia. Answer: -known EPS side effect of antipsychotics (and
other drugs)
-Subjective feeling of restlessness
-Objective restlessness
-Pacing
-Jittery
-Rocking motion
-Treatment includes: Reducing dosage, changing drug,
anticholinergics, benzo's, propranolol
, ◉Dystonia (Acute). Answer: -Prolonged involuntary contraction of
muscles
-More likely in first few hours after giving an antipsychotic
-Risk includes younger population, males, High potency 1st
generation antipsychotics
-Located often in the face & neck
• Tongue Spasms
• Torticollis
• Oculogyric Crisis
• Jaw (Trismus)
• Laryngospasm
-Treatment includes: IM anticholinergics (Benadryl), Benztropine,
Valium
◉Tardive Dyskinesia. Answer: -results from the chronic blocking of
the D2 receptor (antipsychotics and metoclopramide)
-D2 receptors in the Nigrostriatal pathway increase in # or
upregulate & this ultimately results in motor problems
• Abnormal chewing
• Tongue protrusions
• Grimacing
• Lip smacking
SOLUTION COMPENDIUM
◉Cardiometabolic effects of Atypical antipsychotics. Answer: -
Weight gain
-Dyslipidemia
-Insulin Resistance/ Diabetes
-Cardiovascular events
• Premature death
-Establish family history
-Monitor: Waist circumference, Blood Pressure, Weight/BMI, Fasting
lipid panel & fasting blood glucose
◉metabolic risk of atypical antipsychotics. Answer: -Clozaril &
Olanzapine (Greatest risk)
-Risperidone & Quetiapine (Moderate risk)
-Aripiprazole & Ziprasidone (Lower metabolic risk)
◉EPS (Extrapyramidal Symptoms). Answer: -may result from
antipsychotic use
-wastebasket term for:
,• Akathisia
• Dystonia
• Bradykinesia
• Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
• Parkinsonism
• Tardive Dyskinesia
• Tremor
-results from dopamine blockade
-Scales utilized to monitor for signs of Tardive Dyskinesia
• example: AIMS scale
◉Akathisia. Answer: -known EPS side effect of antipsychotics (and
other drugs)
-Subjective feeling of restlessness
-Objective restlessness
-Pacing
-Jittery
-Rocking motion
-Treatment includes: Reducing dosage, changing drug,
anticholinergics, benzo's, propranolol
, ◉Dystonia (Acute). Answer: -Prolonged involuntary contraction of
muscles
-More likely in first few hours after giving an antipsychotic
-Risk includes younger population, males, High potency 1st
generation antipsychotics
-Located often in the face & neck
• Tongue Spasms
• Torticollis
• Oculogyric Crisis
• Jaw (Trismus)
• Laryngospasm
-Treatment includes: IM anticholinergics (Benadryl), Benztropine,
Valium
◉Tardive Dyskinesia. Answer: -results from the chronic blocking of
the D2 receptor (antipsychotics and metoclopramide)
-D2 receptors in the Nigrostriatal pathway increase in # or
upregulate & this ultimately results in motor problems
• Abnormal chewing
• Tongue protrusions
• Grimacing
• Lip smacking
