HSC 220 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

HSC 220 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 What does ACSM stand for? - Answers American College of Sports Medicine What does NSCA stand for? - Answers National Strength and Conditioning Association What does NASM stand for? - Answers National Academy of Sports Medicine What does ACE stand for? - Answers American Council on Exercise What does NSCA and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS) do? - Answers Professionals who design strength training and conditioning programs for athletes in a team setting What does ACSM-CES do? - Answers Works with individuals who have medically controlled diseases. Slightly more advanced degree than a personal trainer Define physical activity. - Answers Any bodily movement produced by the skeletal muscle that results in energy expenditure Define exercise - Answers Planned, structured, voluntary, physical activity to improve fitness Define physical fitness - Answers The ability of the heart, lungs, blood vessels to perform efficiently Benefits of Regular PA - Answers Manages weight, improved mental health, reduces risk of cancer, reduces risk of diabetes Health related fitness - Answers Body composition, muscular endurance, strength, flexibility Skill-related fitness - Answers Speed, power, agility, balance and coordination, reaction time How much moderate-intensity activity per week is recommended? - Answers 150-300 minutes per week How much vigorous intensity is recommended per week? - Answers 75-150 minutes per week How many days a week should adults strength train? - Answers 2 days a week Why a health appraisal? - Answers Process based on: individual's current physical activity, desired intensity, and signs or symptoms of CV, metabolic or renal diseases For those who do NOT participate in regular exercise - Answers Medical clearance is recommended for those with known CV, renal, metabolic diseases and those with any present signs/symptoms of CV, renal, or metabolic diseases Light then to moderate intensity Positive risk factors for age - Answers Men 45 or older women 55 or older Positive risk factor: Family history - Answers MI , coronary revascularization, sudden death before 55 yr in father and 65 in mother Positive risk factor: Smoking - Answers Current smoker or someone who has quit within 6 months or regularly exposed to tobacco smoke Positive risk factors for sedentary lifestyle - Answers Those who do not meet the ACSM requirements Positive risk factors for obesity - Answers BMI 30 or greater Positive risk factors for hypertension - Answers 130 or higher 80 or higher Measured on 2 seperate occasions or on antihypertensive drugs Dyslipidemia Positive risk factors - Answers LDL higher than 130 or HDL less than 40 in men HDL less than 50 and HDL greater than 130 in women Blood gluocse positive risk factors - Answers Fasting glucose greater than 100 or impaired glucose tolerance greater than 14. A1C greater or equal too 5.7% Negative Risk Factor - Answers Greater or equal to 60 What diseases are screened in pre-participation? - Answers Cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal disease What is the function of the skeletal system? - Answers Support, protect, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage Cortical bone (compact bone) - Answers hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone trabecular bone (spongy bone) - Answers Lattice-like inner spongy layer What is torque? - Answers Torque= F x FA What is a force arm? - Answers Perpendicular distance from axis of rotation to force What movements occur in the sagittal plane? - Answers Flexion and Extension What movements occur in the frontal plane? - Answers Abduction and Adduction What movements occur in the transverse plane? - Answers Internal and external rotation What are the two myofilaments? - Answers Actin (thin) Myosin (thick) What is a sarcomere? - Answers Smallest contractile unit of a muscle Concentric movement - Answers Shortening of muscle, upward of a squat Eccentric movement - Answers Lengthening of muscle, downward of squat Isometric contraction - Answers Muscle produces force without changing the length Ballistic movement - Answers resistance is minimal; burst of concentric action Agonist movement - Answers Prime movers that cause joint movement Antagonist - Answers Muscles that lengthen during concentric action ATP-PCr - Answers -Anaerobic -1 ATP -1-5 seconds Pro: Without oxygen Con: Low yield of ATP Glycolysis - Answers -Anaerobic -2 ATP for glucose and 3 ATP for glycogen -15-2 minutes Pro: Without oxygen Con: Low yield of ATP Oxidative Aerobic - Answers - Aerobic -36 ATP for Carbs and 106 ATP for Fats - Greater than 2 minutes Pro: larger yield of ATP Con: Requires oxygen Sliding filament theory - Answers myosin head attaches to binding site; power stroke; detaching and reattaching for another power stroke; continuing process Type 1 Fibers - Answers - Slow Rate of ATP hydrolysis - High blood supply -Small fiber size -High oxidative capacity Type 2 Fibers - Answers - Fast Rate of ATP Hydrolysis -Low blood supply -Large fiber size - Low oxidative capacity RER - Answers respiratory exchange ratio VCO2/VO2 RER= 1.0 - Answers Use of carbohydrates RER= 0.7 - Answers Use of fats