Galen NUR 210 (2026) Exam 2 Questions
and Answers | Verified | 100% Accurate
• Gas Exchange -✓✓An interactive process involving the neurologic,
pulmonary, and cardiovascular systems
• Ventilation -✓✓Movement of air in and out of the lungs (neurologic
control)
• Respiration -✓✓Exchange of gases in the alveoli (pulmonary)
• Perfusion -✓✓The transport of blood through arteries, capillaries, and
tissues
• Types of Perfusion -✓✓Central perfusion - heart and major vessels;
Tissue perfusion - blood flow to specific organs and tissues
• Acute respiratory conditions -✓✓Examples include pneumonia and
asthma flare-ups.
• Chronic lung disease -✓✓Includes COPD, emphysema, and chronic
bronchitis.
• Neurologic conditions affecting breathing control -✓✓Conditions that
impair the body's ability to regulate breathing.
• Cardiovascular conditions reducing pulmonary blood flow -
✓✓Conditions that limit blood flow to the lungs.
• Hematologic disorders -✓✓Examples include anemia.
,• Aging-related changes affecting gas exchange -✓✓Includes decreased
lung elasticity, reduced vital capacity, increased residual volume,
ineffective cough, and increased secretions.
• Cardiovascular disease -✓✓Includes atherosclerosis and heart failure.
• Reduced cardiac output -✓✓A condition where the heart pumps less
blood than normal.
• Vessel obstruction or narrowing -✓✓Conditions that block or narrow
blood vessels.
• Neurologic conditions affecting cerebral blood flow -✓✓Conditions
that impair blood flow to the brain.
• Pulmonary conditions affecting blood flow -✓✓Conditions that impact
blood flow to and from the lungs.
• Aging-related changes affecting perfusion -✓✓Includes decreased
heart muscle efficiency, loss of arterial elasticity, thickened capillary
walls, and reduced ability to respond to stress.
• Health History -✓✓A review of the patient's current health status,
chronic illnesses, medications, past cardiac or pulmonary conditions,
family history of heart or clotting disorders, and lifestyle factors such as
smoking, exercise, diet, and substance use.
• Subjective Data for Gas Exchange -✓✓Includes symptoms reported by
the patient such as cough, dyspnea (shortness of breath), and chest pain
with breathing.
, • Subjective Data for Perfusion -✓✓Includes symptoms reported by the
patient such as central or peripheral pain, dizziness or syncope, fatigue,
edema, bleeding or bruising, dyspnea, and paresthesia.
• Objective Data for Gas Exchange -✓✓Includes vital signs (respiratory
rate, SpO₂, heart rate, temperature), inspections for anxiety, distress,
cyanosis, barrel chest, use of accessory muscles, pursed-lip breathing,
nail clubbing, and auscultation of lung sounds.
• Objective Data for Perfusion -✓✓Includes vital signs (blood pressure,
pulse quality, SpO₂), inspection of skin color and temperature, palpation
of capillary refill and peripheral pulses, skin turgor, and auscultation of
heart sounds.
• Diagnostics for Gas Exchange -✓✓Tests such as arterial blood gases
(ABGs), complete blood count (CBC), chest X-ray, CT scan, and
pulmonary function tests.
• Diagnostics for Perfusion -✓✓Tests including cardiac biomarkers,
electrocardiogram (ECG), lipid panel, and coagulation studies.
• Vital Signs for Gas Exchange -✓✓Includes respiratory rate (RR),
oxygen saturation (SpO₂), heart rate (HR), and temperature.
• Vital Signs for Perfusion -✓✓Includes blood pressure (BP), pulse
quality, and oxygen saturation (SpO₂).
• Signs of Cyanosis -✓✓A late sign of inadequate gas exchange
characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous
membranes.
and Answers | Verified | 100% Accurate
• Gas Exchange -✓✓An interactive process involving the neurologic,
pulmonary, and cardiovascular systems
• Ventilation -✓✓Movement of air in and out of the lungs (neurologic
control)
• Respiration -✓✓Exchange of gases in the alveoli (pulmonary)
• Perfusion -✓✓The transport of blood through arteries, capillaries, and
tissues
• Types of Perfusion -✓✓Central perfusion - heart and major vessels;
Tissue perfusion - blood flow to specific organs and tissues
• Acute respiratory conditions -✓✓Examples include pneumonia and
asthma flare-ups.
• Chronic lung disease -✓✓Includes COPD, emphysema, and chronic
bronchitis.
• Neurologic conditions affecting breathing control -✓✓Conditions that
impair the body's ability to regulate breathing.
• Cardiovascular conditions reducing pulmonary blood flow -
✓✓Conditions that limit blood flow to the lungs.
• Hematologic disorders -✓✓Examples include anemia.
,• Aging-related changes affecting gas exchange -✓✓Includes decreased
lung elasticity, reduced vital capacity, increased residual volume,
ineffective cough, and increased secretions.
• Cardiovascular disease -✓✓Includes atherosclerosis and heart failure.
• Reduced cardiac output -✓✓A condition where the heart pumps less
blood than normal.
• Vessel obstruction or narrowing -✓✓Conditions that block or narrow
blood vessels.
• Neurologic conditions affecting cerebral blood flow -✓✓Conditions
that impair blood flow to the brain.
• Pulmonary conditions affecting blood flow -✓✓Conditions that impact
blood flow to and from the lungs.
• Aging-related changes affecting perfusion -✓✓Includes decreased
heart muscle efficiency, loss of arterial elasticity, thickened capillary
walls, and reduced ability to respond to stress.
• Health History -✓✓A review of the patient's current health status,
chronic illnesses, medications, past cardiac or pulmonary conditions,
family history of heart or clotting disorders, and lifestyle factors such as
smoking, exercise, diet, and substance use.
• Subjective Data for Gas Exchange -✓✓Includes symptoms reported by
the patient such as cough, dyspnea (shortness of breath), and chest pain
with breathing.
, • Subjective Data for Perfusion -✓✓Includes symptoms reported by the
patient such as central or peripheral pain, dizziness or syncope, fatigue,
edema, bleeding or bruising, dyspnea, and paresthesia.
• Objective Data for Gas Exchange -✓✓Includes vital signs (respiratory
rate, SpO₂, heart rate, temperature), inspections for anxiety, distress,
cyanosis, barrel chest, use of accessory muscles, pursed-lip breathing,
nail clubbing, and auscultation of lung sounds.
• Objective Data for Perfusion -✓✓Includes vital signs (blood pressure,
pulse quality, SpO₂), inspection of skin color and temperature, palpation
of capillary refill and peripheral pulses, skin turgor, and auscultation of
heart sounds.
• Diagnostics for Gas Exchange -✓✓Tests such as arterial blood gases
(ABGs), complete blood count (CBC), chest X-ray, CT scan, and
pulmonary function tests.
• Diagnostics for Perfusion -✓✓Tests including cardiac biomarkers,
electrocardiogram (ECG), lipid panel, and coagulation studies.
• Vital Signs for Gas Exchange -✓✓Includes respiratory rate (RR),
oxygen saturation (SpO₂), heart rate (HR), and temperature.
• Vital Signs for Perfusion -✓✓Includes blood pressure (BP), pulse
quality, and oxygen saturation (SpO₂).
• Signs of Cyanosis -✓✓A late sign of inadequate gas exchange
characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous
membranes.
