BIOS 255 EDAPT Week 2 - Endocrine System Comprehensive Quiz 2026
Chamberlain
1. Which of the following describes a hormone that acts on the same cell that
secreted it?
A. Paracrine
B. Exocrine
C. Autocrine
D. Endocrine
Answer: C
Rationale: Autocrines are local chemical messengers that exert their effects on the same
cells that secrete them.
2. Which gland is often referred to as the ‘master gland’ of the endocrine
system?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Pituitary gland
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pineal gland
Answer: B
Rationale: The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it produces hormones
that control many other endocrine glands.
,3. Steroid hormones are derived from which of the following substances?
A. Cholesterol
B. Peptides
C. Amino acids
D. Carbohydrates
Answer: A
Rationale: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble molecules synthesized from cholesterol.
4. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland?
A. Oxytocin
B. Prolactin
C. Growth Hormone
D. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Answer: A
Rationale: The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
(ADH), which are produced in the hypothalamus.
5. What is the primary function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
A. To stimulate uterine contractions
B. To decrease water reabsorption in kidneys
C. To regulate blood calcium levels
D. To increase water reabsorption in kidneys
Answer: D
Rationale: ADH targets the kidney tubules to reabsorb more water, preventing urine
formation and dehydration.
, 6. A deficiency in iodine would most likely affect the production of which
hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Aldosterone
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine (T4)
Answer: D
Rationale: Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 require iodine atoms for their synthesis.
7. Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood calcium levels?
A. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
B. Calcitonin
C. Aldosterone
D. Glucagon
Answer: B
Rationale: Calcitonin, produced by the thyroid’s parafollicular cells, inhibits osteoclasts
and lowers blood calcium.
8. The adrenal medulla secretes which of the following hormones?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
D. Androgens
Answer: C
Rationale: The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, specifically epinephrine and
norepinephrine, in response to stress.
Chamberlain
1. Which of the following describes a hormone that acts on the same cell that
secreted it?
A. Paracrine
B. Exocrine
C. Autocrine
D. Endocrine
Answer: C
Rationale: Autocrines are local chemical messengers that exert their effects on the same
cells that secrete them.
2. Which gland is often referred to as the ‘master gland’ of the endocrine
system?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Pituitary gland
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pineal gland
Answer: B
Rationale: The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it produces hormones
that control many other endocrine glands.
,3. Steroid hormones are derived from which of the following substances?
A. Cholesterol
B. Peptides
C. Amino acids
D. Carbohydrates
Answer: A
Rationale: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble molecules synthesized from cholesterol.
4. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland?
A. Oxytocin
B. Prolactin
C. Growth Hormone
D. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Answer: A
Rationale: The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
(ADH), which are produced in the hypothalamus.
5. What is the primary function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
A. To stimulate uterine contractions
B. To decrease water reabsorption in kidneys
C. To regulate blood calcium levels
D. To increase water reabsorption in kidneys
Answer: D
Rationale: ADH targets the kidney tubules to reabsorb more water, preventing urine
formation and dehydration.
, 6. A deficiency in iodine would most likely affect the production of which
hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Aldosterone
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine (T4)
Answer: D
Rationale: Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 require iodine atoms for their synthesis.
7. Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood calcium levels?
A. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
B. Calcitonin
C. Aldosterone
D. Glucagon
Answer: B
Rationale: Calcitonin, produced by the thyroid’s parafollicular cells, inhibits osteoclasts
and lowers blood calcium.
8. The adrenal medulla secretes which of the following hormones?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
D. Androgens
Answer: C
Rationale: The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, specifically epinephrine and
norepinephrine, in response to stress.
