Fresenius PCT Certification Exam Questions
and Answers with Complete Solutions
(Already Passed A+) 2026/2027
• characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) -✓✓-sudden onset
-possible recovery timeframe of 180 days
-can be reversed
-main causes of AKI include accident/trauma, infection (COVID, sepsis), and
toxins
• what eGFR requires dialysis? -✓✓eGFR of less than 15
• what are the main functions of the kidney? -✓✓-produce hormones (EPO,
vitamin D)
-filter waste and toxins (urea, creatinine)
-maintain fluid and electrolyte balance (K+, Na+, Ca+)
• what are some symptoms of renal failure? -✓✓-fatigue
-poor appetite
-SOB
-change in urination
-difficulty concentrating
• parts of the urinary system include -✓✓kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
• treatment options for patients with CKD or AKI include -✓✓1. incenter
hemodialysis
2. home dialysis
3. peritoneal dialysis
4. renal transplant
5. palliative care
• what vessel pulls blood? -✓✓arterial
• what vessel returns/gives blood? -✓✓venous
, • blood is _______, and dialysate is ________ -✓✓sterile, clean
• types of vascular accesses -✓✓-arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
-arteriovenous graft (AVG)
-central venous catheter (CVC)
• characteristics of an AVF -✓✓-surgical connection between an artery and vein
-"gold standard" access
-can be created within the wrist, arm, forearm, and thigh
-6-12 week maturity period before 1st cannulation
-no risk of allergic reaction, lowest rate of infection/complication
-long lifespan
• the surgical connection between the vessels of a fistula is called -✓✓anastomosis
• characteristics of an AVG -✓✓-synthetic, biosimilar tube placed in the body
-typically placed in the forearm, upper arm, thigh, necklace
-doesn't take long to mature
-can wear out over time
-higher risk of thrombosis*
-elevated risk of allergic reaction
-can be used 24 hours after placement (with sterile technique)
-can be cannulated with a 16g needle after 4 weeks
• characteristics of central venous catheter -✓✓-access that includes a tube being
placed into a central vein
-typically placed in the jugular, subclavian, or femoral veins
-high rate of infection
-highest rate of morbidity/mortality of ALL accesses
• according to infection control standards and FKC policy, how long should you
wash your hands with soap and water for? -✓✓40-60 seconds
• according to infection control standards and FKC policy, how long should you
rub your hands with alcohol based rub for? -✓✓20-30 seconds
• PPE requirements when on the treatment floor -✓✓-gown
-face shield/protective eyewear
and Answers with Complete Solutions
(Already Passed A+) 2026/2027
• characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) -✓✓-sudden onset
-possible recovery timeframe of 180 days
-can be reversed
-main causes of AKI include accident/trauma, infection (COVID, sepsis), and
toxins
• what eGFR requires dialysis? -✓✓eGFR of less than 15
• what are the main functions of the kidney? -✓✓-produce hormones (EPO,
vitamin D)
-filter waste and toxins (urea, creatinine)
-maintain fluid and electrolyte balance (K+, Na+, Ca+)
• what are some symptoms of renal failure? -✓✓-fatigue
-poor appetite
-SOB
-change in urination
-difficulty concentrating
• parts of the urinary system include -✓✓kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
• treatment options for patients with CKD or AKI include -✓✓1. incenter
hemodialysis
2. home dialysis
3. peritoneal dialysis
4. renal transplant
5. palliative care
• what vessel pulls blood? -✓✓arterial
• what vessel returns/gives blood? -✓✓venous
, • blood is _______, and dialysate is ________ -✓✓sterile, clean
• types of vascular accesses -✓✓-arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
-arteriovenous graft (AVG)
-central venous catheter (CVC)
• characteristics of an AVF -✓✓-surgical connection between an artery and vein
-"gold standard" access
-can be created within the wrist, arm, forearm, and thigh
-6-12 week maturity period before 1st cannulation
-no risk of allergic reaction, lowest rate of infection/complication
-long lifespan
• the surgical connection between the vessels of a fistula is called -✓✓anastomosis
• characteristics of an AVG -✓✓-synthetic, biosimilar tube placed in the body
-typically placed in the forearm, upper arm, thigh, necklace
-doesn't take long to mature
-can wear out over time
-higher risk of thrombosis*
-elevated risk of allergic reaction
-can be used 24 hours after placement (with sterile technique)
-can be cannulated with a 16g needle after 4 weeks
• characteristics of central venous catheter -✓✓-access that includes a tube being
placed into a central vein
-typically placed in the jugular, subclavian, or femoral veins
-high rate of infection
-highest rate of morbidity/mortality of ALL accesses
• according to infection control standards and FKC policy, how long should you
wash your hands with soap and water for? -✓✓40-60 seconds
• according to infection control standards and FKC policy, how long should you
rub your hands with alcohol based rub for? -✓✓20-30 seconds
• PPE requirements when on the treatment floor -✓✓-gown
-face shield/protective eyewear
