Clearly explained questions & answers- Anatomy and Physiology - chapter

What is homeostasis? ☑️☑️ The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body despite external changes. Which system controls and coordinates body activities? ☑️☑️ The nervous system and endocrine system work together to regulate and coordinate functions. Define the cell membrane. ☑️☑️ A selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell and controls movement of substances in and out. What is the basic unit of life? ☑️☑️ The cell. Name the main types of tissue in the human body. ☑️☑️ Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. What is the function of epithelial tissue? ☑️☑️ To cover surfaces, line cavities, and protect and absorb substances. What organelle produces ATP? ☑️☑️ The mitochondria. What is diffusion? ☑️☑️ The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. What is osmosis? ☑️☑️ The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration. What is active transport? ☑️☑️ The movement of substances across a membrane using energy (ATP) against a concentration gradient. What is the role of the nucleus? ☑️☑️ It contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities. What is the function of muscle tissue? ☑️☑️ To enable movement through contraction. What is skeletal muscle? ☑️☑️ Voluntary muscle attached to bones that controls body movement. What is smooth muscle? ☑️☑️ Involuntary muscle found in internal organs such as the intestines and blood vessels. 2 What is cardiac muscle? ☑️☑️ Involuntary muscle found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood. What is a neuron? ☑️☑️ A specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses. What is a synapse? ☑️☑️ The junction where two neurons communicate. What is the role of blood? ☑️☑️ To transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. What are red blood cells? ☑️☑️ Cells that carry oxygen using hemoglobin. What is hemoglobin? ☑️☑️ A protein in red blood cells that binds and transports oxygen. What is plasma? ☑️☑️ The liquid component of blood that carries cells, nutrients, and waste. What is the function of the heart? ☑️☑️ To pump blood throughout the body. What are arteries? ☑️☑️ Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. What are veins? ☑️☑️ Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. What are capillaries? ☑️☑️ Tiny blood vessels where exchange of gases and nutrients occurs. What is respiration? ☑️☑️ The process of gas exchange involving oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal. What is ventilation? ☑️☑️ The movement of air in and out of the lungs. What are alveoli? ☑️☑️ Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. What is the diaphragm? ☑️☑️ A muscle that contracts and relaxes to aid breathing. What is digestion? ☑️☑️ The breakdown of food into smaller absorbable molecules. What is absorption? ☑️☑️ The process by which nutrients pass into the bloodstream from the digestive tract. What is the function of the small intestine? ☑️☑️ To complete digestion and absorb nutrients. What is the function of the liver? ☑️☑️ To produce bile, detoxify substances, and process nutrients. 3 What is the function of the pancreas? ☑️☑️ To produce digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin. What is the endocrine system? ☑️☑️ A system of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream. What are hormones? ☑️☑️ Chemical messengers that regulate body functions. What is insulin? ☑️☑️ A hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels. What is the function of the nervous system? ☑️☑️ To control and coordinate body activities through electrical signals. What is the spinal cord? ☑️☑️ A bundle of nerves that transmits signals between the brain and body. What is reflex action? ☑️☑️ An automatic, rapid response to a stimulus without conscious thought. What is the function of the skeletal system? ☑️☑️ To support the body, protect organs, and assist in movement. What are bones made of? ☑️☑️ Living tissue composed of minerals (like calcium) and collagen. What is bone marrow? ☑️☑️ The soft tissue inside bones that produces blood cells. What is the axial skeleton? ☑️☑️ The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, spine, and rib cage. What is the appendicular skeleton? ☑️☑️ The part of the skeleton that includes limbs and girdles. What is a joint? ☑️☑️ A connection between two or more bones. What is a ligament? ☑️☑️ A band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone. What is a tendon? ☑️☑️ A fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone. What is the integumentary system? ☑️☑️ The skin and its accessory structures that protect the body. What is the epidermis? ☑️☑️ The outermost layer of the skin. 4 What is the dermis? ☑️☑️ The inner layer of the skin containing blood vessels, nerves, and glands. What is thermoregulation? ☑️☑️ The process of maintaining a stable body temperature. What is the role of sweat glands? ☑️☑️ To produce sweat for cooling the body. What is the function of the urinary system? ☑️☑️ To remove waste products and regulate fluid