Pathophysiology Approved Latest Exam Nightingale college 2026

Pathophysiology Approved Latest Exam Nightingale college 2026 When a baby has been identified as having featal exposure to alcohol, which assessment parameter should be considered A. low birth rate B. mental retardation C. facial anomalies D. All of the above - Correct Answer-D. All of the above A nurse documents tattooing and stippling in a trauma patient which type of injury does the patient have? - Correct Answer-Gunshot wounds tattooing and stapling are caused by gunpowder and occur on the skin surrounding the entrance wound. The nurse is caring for a new mother who just gave birth to a baby with Down syndrome. The nurse explains that this syndrome is a result of trisomy with which chromosome? - Correct Answer-Chromsome 21 A couple has two offspring's one child has an autosomal recessive disease trait and one is normal what most likely conclusion can the nurse make about the parents? - Correct Answer-both parents could be Carriers If an Ovum has chromosomal nondisjunction which condition could result in the embryo? - Correct Answer-Monosomies and trisomies If the patient has liquefactive necrosis which organ should the nurse assess first? - Correct Answer-Brain hypoxic injury to the brain results in liquefactive necrosis because the central nervous system contains little connective tissue. A nurse recalls that adaptive cellular mechanisms function too - Correct Answer-protect cells from injury adaptive cellular mechanisms actually help cells adjust to environmental changes thereby protecting them from injury and death The nurse is caring for a patient with a genetic disease that is transmitted through autosomal recessive inheritance which is most likely the diagnosis for the patient? - Correct Answer-cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease Which organ is most frequently affected by chronic alcohol injury - Correct Answer-Liver Which of the following statements by a clinician about mutations is correct Mutations always lead to genetic disease Pathophysiology Pathophysiology A. Mutations always lead to genetic disease B. spontaneous mutations occur as a result of exposure to a mutagen C. mutations are alterations in a normal DNA sequence D. Mutations are always inherited - Correct Answer-C. The nurse in the genetic clinic is describing a genetic disease that leads to progressive dementia in middle to late adulthood. Which disease is the nurse most likely referring to? - Correct Answer-Huntington disease When the clinician is discussing the DNA Helix which information should be included? In the DNA Helix guanine pairs with: - Correct Answer-Cytosine When a patient has an extreme laceration (laceration with a flap), which medical term should the nurse document in the chart? A. Contusion B. An Avulsion C. A hemotoma D. An incision - Correct Answer-B. An Avulsion Which information indicates that the nurse has a good understanding of Clastogens? Clastogens agents that cause? A. Chromosomal duplications B. single gene mutations C. Chromosomal breakage D. Sex Chromosome aneuploidies - Correct Answer-C. Chromosomal Breakage An individual who is heterozygous for a gene has: - Correct Answer-Alleles at a given locus that are different from one another. A patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction does the nurse expect to see documented in the patient's chart? - Correct Answer-Type 1 typical allergic responses are characterized as type one hypersensitivity reactions. A patient has Westcott Aldrich syndrome. Which typical assessment findings should the nurse monitor for in the patient? - Correct Answer-Decreased IgM and bleeding What is the role of plasma in the inflammatory response cycle? - Correct Answer-It controls clotting by breaking down fibrin. Plasma is an enzyme that will degrade fibrin during clot dissolution or at the resolution of inflammation. Among the many innate defenses the body has two pathogens, the first line of defense is the: - Correct Answer-skin and mucous membrane the skin and mucous membrane form a barrier to prevent microorganisms from entering the body. Pathophysiology Pathophysiology Which substance is released during a viral infection and signals in neighboring cells to enhance viral defenses? - Correct Answer-Interferon after a host cell is infected by your virus, it releases interferon to signal neighboring cells to boost their viral defenses. The nurse is planning a community teaching event about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To which population should the teaching be primarily targeted? - Correct Answer-Wmmen 20 to 40 years old While discussing the complement system, which information should the nurse include? The alternative pathway of the complement system is activated by: - Correct Answer Bacteria A patient has a complement deficiency of C5 and C7. The nurse should monitor this patient infections caused by: - Correct Answer-Neisseria What term does the nurse use to describe the process of endocytosis? - Correct Answer-Engulfment A patient asks a nurse what leukotrienes do - Correct Answer-Cause increased vascular permeability. Leukotrienes cause vascular permeability. A nurse is describing primary immune deficiency. Which primary deficiencies should the nurse include? - Correct Answer-B lymphocytes and complement. Primary immune deficiencies are classified into five groups based on which principle component of the immune or inflammatory system is defective defects of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, both B&T lymphocytes combined, phagocytes or compliment. What term does the nurse use to describe the exudate that is characterized by the movement of watery fluid, containing few cells and little protein? - Correct Answer Serous Which cells are primarily responsible for phagocytic activity during inflammation? - Correct Answer-Neutrophils and macrophages The nurse is caring for a patient with B lymphocytes deficiency. The nurse should protect the patient primarily from: - Correct Answer-encapsulated bacteria When assessing the patient with SLE, the nurse should expect to identify: - Correct Answer-Arthralgia, anemia, and rashes are common symptoms of SLE Which of the following is the leading cause of death in developed countries? A. Cardiovascular disease B. Cancer Pathophysiology Pathophysiology C. Stroke D. Sarcoma - Correct Answer-B. Cancer An oncologist is discussing the process of metastasis which information should the oncologist include? For metastasis to occur, tumor cells must be capable of: A. withstanding extreme temperatures B. Detecting elevated calcium levels C. surviving in the bloodstream D. eliminating lymph nodes - Correct Answer-C surving in the blood stream Which of the following treatments to help cancer related or chemotherapy related anemia should the nurse discuss with the patient A. Exercise B. Chemotherapy C. ERYTHROPOIETIN D. Calcium and magnesium supplements - Correct Answer-C. Erythropoietin A patient is experiencing leukopenia from cancer and chemotherapy treatment which condition should the nurse assess for in this patient A. allergic reaction B. autoimmune disease C. Bleeding D. Infection - Correct Answer-D infection What would the nurse expect to occur when a patient's cancer is caused by mutations of a protooncogene? A. APOPTOSIS B. increase cell division C. production of monoclonal antibodies D. Decrease cell responsiveness to growth factors - Correct Answer-B increased cell division When explaining cancer that extends to organs or tissues distant from the site of origin what term should the nurse use? A. Apoptosis B. Benign C. Metastasis D. malignancy - Correct Answer-C. Metastasis A nurse is describing the process of metastasis which is necessary in order for metastasis to occur? A. Decrease cellular motility B. decrease cell adhesion's C. Temporary cessation of cell division D. proximity to body cavities - Correct Answer-B. decrease cell adheasions Pathophysiology Pathophysiology A nurse is describing a process in which a piece of 1 chromosome is moved to another chromosome. What term should the nurse use to describe this process? A. Translocation B. Point mutation C. Gene amplification D. Silencing - Correct Answer-A. Translocation Which symptom will surprise the nurse when assessing a patient with CACHEXIA? A. anorexia B. Weight loss why C. Heart murmur D. Weakness - Correct Answer-C. Heart murmur The nurse is reviewing a patients laboratory report. Which finding correlate's to the patients diagnosis of cervical cancer? A. hepatitis B virus B. Human immunodeficiency virus C. Epstein Barr virus D. human papilloma virus - Correct Answer-D. human papilloma virus ALS is caused by: A. degenerative of lower and upper motor neurons B. Neurofibromin a tumor suppressing protein see degeneration of myelin in the brain and spinal cord D spinal cord compression with radicular pain - Correct Answer-A. degenerative of lower and upper motor neurons The nurse is assessing the patient for meningitis. The nurse bends the patient's neck, and the patient experiences neck pain and rigidity. How would the nurse chart this? A period negative kernig sign B. Positive BRUDZINSKI sign C. Negative BRUDZINSKI sign D. Positive kernig sign - Correct Answer-B. Positive Brudzinski sign A patient has guillain-barre during the health history the nurse should ask about a history of: A. Migraine headaches B. Herniated discs C. Subdermal hematomas D. respiratory viral infection - Correct Answer-D. respiratory viral infection A sign associated with classic cerebral concussion is? A loss of consciousness B. tachycardia C. hypertension D. decorticate posturing - Correct Answer-A. loss of consciousness Pathophysiology Pathophysiology A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of a subarachnoid hemorrhage which information should the nurse include? - Correct Answer-Impaired reabsorption of cerebral spinal fluid occurs While reviewing a patient's health history which finding will most alert the nurse to the possible development of chronic subdural hematoma - Correct Answer-Prior brain atrophy A patient has a spinal cord tumor that originate within the neural tissue. what type of tumor is this called? - Correct Answer-Intramedullary Autonomic hyperreflexia is caused by - Correct Answer-stimulation of sensory/pain receptors below the level of the spinal cord lesion Which information should the nurse include when teaching about focal brain injury? Most forms of focal brain injury are associated with increased: - Correct Answer-brain swelling A patient ruptured the middle meningeal artery, resulting in an epidermal hemorrhage. The nurse realizes that this type of intercranial hemorrhage the bleeding occurs between the dura mater and the - Correct Answer-skull A patient has a spinal cord tumor that is causing an irritative syndrome what does this imply to the nurse? - Correct Answer-the patient is experiencing compression symptoms plus radicular pain During the assessment of a patient with meningitis the nurse wants to test for NUCHAL rigidity. Which test will the nurse implement? - Correct Answer-Kernig A patient developed a subdermal hematoma within 12 hours of the injury which diagnosis will the nurse observe documented on the chart? - Correct Answer-Acute subdermal hematoma A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of a herniated disk which information should the nurse include - Correct Answer-The nucleus pulposus extrudes and compresses the nerve root Which type of injury will the nurse prepare to care for when a patient has a diffuse brain injury - Correct Answer-cuncussion A patient with HIV has painful burning DYSESTHESIAS and PARESTHESIAS, especially in the extremities what condition will the nurse see documented in the chart - Correct Answer-HIV neuropathy Pathophysiology A patient has a brief episode of neurological defects that resolves within 12 hours with a return to normal functioning which diagnosis will the nurse observe documented on the chart - Correct Answer-transient ischemic attack A patient has a recent spinal cord injury which term should the nurse use to describe the loss of reflex function below the level of injury/lesion - Correct Answer-spinal shock A patient's forehead hit the steering wheel during a motor vehicle accident which part of the brain received the coup injury - Correct Answer-Frontal In a patient with an epidermal hematoma the nurse recalls that bleeding occurs between the skull and - Correct Answer-dura mater Pathophysiology