RNC-NIC Exam 2026 MOST Recent
Tested,Actual Exam Questions (2026)
WITH Recent Newest Verified And Well
Analyzed Exam Questions (Actual Exam
2026-2027) Correct Detailed & Verified
ANSWERS (100% Accurate Solutions)
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thrombocytopenia (maternal) - ANSWERS-- a generally benign maternal medical
complication that is due to hemodilution (increased RBCs)
- may be associated with hypertensive conditions r/t pregnancy
- may be associated with s/s of bleeding in the infant
transillumination - ANSWERS-- tool used for newborn physical exam that is a fiberoptic
light source attached to the end of a long, flexible tube
- fluid- or air-filled structures will transmit the light (light up), e.g. hydroceles, severe
hydrocephalus, pneumothorax
-**solid masses will NOT light up/transmit light, e.g. tumors, testicular torsion**
red reflex - ANSWERS-- **reflex due to light reflecting off the interior lining of the eye
(fundus)**
- shows as a bright orange-red or pale/gray in darker skinned newborns
- absent or disrupted reflex could be congenital cataracts, glaucoma, or retinoblastoma
acrocyanosis - ANSWERS-- **blue/pale discoloration of hands and feet, normal in the
first 48 hours of life**
,general pallor/cyanosis - ANSWERS-- blue/pale discoloration outside of the first 48
hours of life or outside of just the hands/feet that may be due to anemia, hypoxemia, or
shock
risks of maternal thrombocytopenia - ANSWERS-can result in:
- increased risk of bleeding in the mother, especially during the delivery
- **bleeding in the infant (oozing from umbilical cord, prolonged bleeding from heel
sticks, bruising, **petechiae
neonatal petechiae - ANSWERS-- must consider hyperbilirubinemia/jaundice
(breakdown of RBCs)
- also associated with maternal thrombocytopenia
cytomegalovirus (CMV) - ANSWERS-- **most common intrauterine infection**
- transmitted by exposure to infected blood or body fluids
- majority of infants asymptomatic at birth, but 5-15% have later sequelae (most
commonly hearing and vision loss)
contraindication for breastfeeding - ANSWERS-- maternal HIV/AIDS infection
- **HIV/AIDS can be spread through breastfeeding**
signs of HIV in newborn - ANSWERS-- poor weight gain
- **repeated fungal mouth infections** (thrush)
- enlarged lymph nodes
- enlarged liver/spleen
- neurologic problems
- multiple bacterial infections, including pneumonia
chlamydia - ANSWERS-- **most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection**
- *treatment: erythromycin*
,amniocentesis - ANSWERS-needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic
fluid for analysis
- screens for chromosomal abnormalities
- typically performed early in 2nd trimester (15-20 wks), more accurate >20 wks d/t
chromosomal presence in fluid
- **also can be used later in pregnancy to assess fetal lung maturity**
- often recommended for AMA
signs/symptoms of neonatal chlamydia - ANSWERS-- conjunctivitis in first few weeks
- late-onset: pneumonia at 3-4 months
- otitis media
- gastroenteritis
oligohydramnios - ANSWERS-- AF volume <1 L at 36 weeks, <800 mL at term
- can lead to pulmonary hypoplasia d/t amniotic fluid's role in fetal pulmonary
development
- **may be related to Potter sequence/renal agenesis** because AF is largely made up
of fetal urine (no urine if the baby has no kidneys)
- **can lead to hypoplastic lungs**
- can also lead to IUGR and positional deformities (baby can't move well)
Potter sequence (renal agenesis) - ANSWERS-- **Renal agenesis -> oligohydramnios -
> severe pulmonary hypoplasia**
- association of defects beginning w/ bilateral renal agenesis d/t failure of the ureteric
bud to divide
- urine formation does not occur --> low or absent amniotic fluid volumes
- fetal structures are compressed
- associated defects: abnormal genital dev., leg deformities, GI defects, arthrohyposis,
pulmonary hypoplasia
- *most infants will die within the first several days; often d/t associated lung hypoplasia*
, hydramnios or polyhydramnios - ANSWERS-- AF volume >2L
- **may be due to GI obstructions (e.g. esophageal atresia, duodenal to anal atresia) d/t
the baby being unable to swallow amniotic fluid, so the AF keeps building up in utero **
- also can be d/t tight nuchal cord or neurologic defects which may also obstruct or
impair fetal swallowing
PROM - ANSWERS-- premature rupture of membranes, before the onset of labor
- **risk of infection if directly proportional to the duration of ROM**
- **after 24 hours of ROM, the risk of infection escalates significantly**
PPROM - ANSWERS-- preterm premature rupture of membranes, PROM occurring
before 37 weeks
- does not necessarily lead to the onset of labor if it occurs too early, but after 24 hours
of ROM, the risk of infection escalates
- **risk of infection if directly proportional to the duration of ROM**
maternal serum alpha fetaprotein (MSAFP) - ANSWERS-- aka triple or quad screen
- test during pregnancy that measures a major fetal protein produced in the fetal liver at
>22 wks that is present in the mother's blood
- maternal blood test that is a clue for some fetal anomalies, generally between 15-22
wks, optimally at 16-18 wks
- **elevated levels may be indicative of neural tube defects (not diagnostic, but is a
clue)**
- low levels associated with Trisomy 21
Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio - ANSWERS-- test of amniotic fluid to assess fetal
lung maturity
- may help determine lung maturity to see when to deliver prematurely if necessary
- **normal: greater or equal to ~2**
- <2 indicates immature lungs, <1.5 is associated with a high risk of RDS
Tested,Actual Exam Questions (2026)
WITH Recent Newest Verified And Well
Analyzed Exam Questions (Actual Exam
2026-2027) Correct Detailed & Verified
ANSWERS (100% Accurate Solutions)
ALREADY GRADED A+|| NEWEST
VERSION Of The Exam Guarantee Pass!!
thrombocytopenia (maternal) - ANSWERS-- a generally benign maternal medical
complication that is due to hemodilution (increased RBCs)
- may be associated with hypertensive conditions r/t pregnancy
- may be associated with s/s of bleeding in the infant
transillumination - ANSWERS-- tool used for newborn physical exam that is a fiberoptic
light source attached to the end of a long, flexible tube
- fluid- or air-filled structures will transmit the light (light up), e.g. hydroceles, severe
hydrocephalus, pneumothorax
-**solid masses will NOT light up/transmit light, e.g. tumors, testicular torsion**
red reflex - ANSWERS-- **reflex due to light reflecting off the interior lining of the eye
(fundus)**
- shows as a bright orange-red or pale/gray in darker skinned newborns
- absent or disrupted reflex could be congenital cataracts, glaucoma, or retinoblastoma
acrocyanosis - ANSWERS-- **blue/pale discoloration of hands and feet, normal in the
first 48 hours of life**
,general pallor/cyanosis - ANSWERS-- blue/pale discoloration outside of the first 48
hours of life or outside of just the hands/feet that may be due to anemia, hypoxemia, or
shock
risks of maternal thrombocytopenia - ANSWERS-can result in:
- increased risk of bleeding in the mother, especially during the delivery
- **bleeding in the infant (oozing from umbilical cord, prolonged bleeding from heel
sticks, bruising, **petechiae
neonatal petechiae - ANSWERS-- must consider hyperbilirubinemia/jaundice
(breakdown of RBCs)
- also associated with maternal thrombocytopenia
cytomegalovirus (CMV) - ANSWERS-- **most common intrauterine infection**
- transmitted by exposure to infected blood or body fluids
- majority of infants asymptomatic at birth, but 5-15% have later sequelae (most
commonly hearing and vision loss)
contraindication for breastfeeding - ANSWERS-- maternal HIV/AIDS infection
- **HIV/AIDS can be spread through breastfeeding**
signs of HIV in newborn - ANSWERS-- poor weight gain
- **repeated fungal mouth infections** (thrush)
- enlarged lymph nodes
- enlarged liver/spleen
- neurologic problems
- multiple bacterial infections, including pneumonia
chlamydia - ANSWERS-- **most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection**
- *treatment: erythromycin*
,amniocentesis - ANSWERS-needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic
fluid for analysis
- screens for chromosomal abnormalities
- typically performed early in 2nd trimester (15-20 wks), more accurate >20 wks d/t
chromosomal presence in fluid
- **also can be used later in pregnancy to assess fetal lung maturity**
- often recommended for AMA
signs/symptoms of neonatal chlamydia - ANSWERS-- conjunctivitis in first few weeks
- late-onset: pneumonia at 3-4 months
- otitis media
- gastroenteritis
oligohydramnios - ANSWERS-- AF volume <1 L at 36 weeks, <800 mL at term
- can lead to pulmonary hypoplasia d/t amniotic fluid's role in fetal pulmonary
development
- **may be related to Potter sequence/renal agenesis** because AF is largely made up
of fetal urine (no urine if the baby has no kidneys)
- **can lead to hypoplastic lungs**
- can also lead to IUGR and positional deformities (baby can't move well)
Potter sequence (renal agenesis) - ANSWERS-- **Renal agenesis -> oligohydramnios -
> severe pulmonary hypoplasia**
- association of defects beginning w/ bilateral renal agenesis d/t failure of the ureteric
bud to divide
- urine formation does not occur --> low or absent amniotic fluid volumes
- fetal structures are compressed
- associated defects: abnormal genital dev., leg deformities, GI defects, arthrohyposis,
pulmonary hypoplasia
- *most infants will die within the first several days; often d/t associated lung hypoplasia*
, hydramnios or polyhydramnios - ANSWERS-- AF volume >2L
- **may be due to GI obstructions (e.g. esophageal atresia, duodenal to anal atresia) d/t
the baby being unable to swallow amniotic fluid, so the AF keeps building up in utero **
- also can be d/t tight nuchal cord or neurologic defects which may also obstruct or
impair fetal swallowing
PROM - ANSWERS-- premature rupture of membranes, before the onset of labor
- **risk of infection if directly proportional to the duration of ROM**
- **after 24 hours of ROM, the risk of infection escalates significantly**
PPROM - ANSWERS-- preterm premature rupture of membranes, PROM occurring
before 37 weeks
- does not necessarily lead to the onset of labor if it occurs too early, but after 24 hours
of ROM, the risk of infection escalates
- **risk of infection if directly proportional to the duration of ROM**
maternal serum alpha fetaprotein (MSAFP) - ANSWERS-- aka triple or quad screen
- test during pregnancy that measures a major fetal protein produced in the fetal liver at
>22 wks that is present in the mother's blood
- maternal blood test that is a clue for some fetal anomalies, generally between 15-22
wks, optimally at 16-18 wks
- **elevated levels may be indicative of neural tube defects (not diagnostic, but is a
clue)**
- low levels associated with Trisomy 21
Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio - ANSWERS-- test of amniotic fluid to assess fetal
lung maturity
- may help determine lung maturity to see when to deliver prematurely if necessary
- **normal: greater or equal to ~2**
- <2 indicates immature lungs, <1.5 is associated with a high risk of RDS
