AP Chemistry Unit 3 questions and answers
Graded A+
intermolecular forces - ✅✅forces of attraction between molecules (not
chemical bonds)
van der Waals forces - ✅✅intermolecular forces of attraction
dipole-dipole interactions - ✅✅- molecules have permanent dipoles attracted
to one another
- positive end of one attached to negative end of the other
- these forces matter when molecules are close to each other
- more polar -> higher boiling point
permanent dipole - ✅✅permanent separation of electrical charge in a
molecule due to unequal distributions of bonding and/or lone pairs of electrons
hydrogen bonding - ✅✅- H is bonded to N,O, or F
- bonding caused by high electronegativity and small size of N, O, and F
London dispersion forces - ✅✅- attractions between an instantaneous dipole
and an induced dipole
- present in all covalent molecules, weakest bond
instantaneous dipole - ✅✅temporary dipole that occurs for a brief moment in
time when the electrons of an atom or molecule are distributed asymmetrically
, induced dipole - ✅✅a dipole temporarily created in an otherwise nonpolar
molecule, induced by a neighboring charge
polarizability - ✅✅the ease with which the electron distribution in the atom or
molecule can be distorted
viscosity - ✅✅a liquid's resistance to flow (related to ease with which
molecules move pass each other)
surface tension - ✅✅the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that
tends to minimize the area of the surface (caused by attraction between liquid
molecules)
melting point - ✅✅the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid
to a liquid
boiling point - ✅✅the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid
to a gas
cohesion - ✅✅an attraction between molecules of the same substance
adhesion - ✅✅an attraction between molecules of different substances
capillary action - ✅✅- the spontaneous rising of a liquid in a tube
- happens when a liquid is strongly attracted to the tube
Graded A+
intermolecular forces - ✅✅forces of attraction between molecules (not
chemical bonds)
van der Waals forces - ✅✅intermolecular forces of attraction
dipole-dipole interactions - ✅✅- molecules have permanent dipoles attracted
to one another
- positive end of one attached to negative end of the other
- these forces matter when molecules are close to each other
- more polar -> higher boiling point
permanent dipole - ✅✅permanent separation of electrical charge in a
molecule due to unequal distributions of bonding and/or lone pairs of electrons
hydrogen bonding - ✅✅- H is bonded to N,O, or F
- bonding caused by high electronegativity and small size of N, O, and F
London dispersion forces - ✅✅- attractions between an instantaneous dipole
and an induced dipole
- present in all covalent molecules, weakest bond
instantaneous dipole - ✅✅temporary dipole that occurs for a brief moment in
time when the electrons of an atom or molecule are distributed asymmetrically
, induced dipole - ✅✅a dipole temporarily created in an otherwise nonpolar
molecule, induced by a neighboring charge
polarizability - ✅✅the ease with which the electron distribution in the atom or
molecule can be distorted
viscosity - ✅✅a liquid's resistance to flow (related to ease with which
molecules move pass each other)
surface tension - ✅✅the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that
tends to minimize the area of the surface (caused by attraction between liquid
molecules)
melting point - ✅✅the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid
to a liquid
boiling point - ✅✅the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid
to a gas
cohesion - ✅✅an attraction between molecules of the same substance
adhesion - ✅✅an attraction between molecules of different substances
capillary action - ✅✅- the spontaneous rising of a liquid in a tube
- happens when a liquid is strongly attracted to the tube
