EXAM 4 MIC 205 DAYDIF COMPLETE 146
QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.what does active mean? - ANSWERS✔-the person is making the immune
response
not getting immune response from someone else
\.what does passive mean? - ANSWERS✔-immune response passed from one
person to another
\.naturally acquired active immunity - ANSWERS✔-antigens enter body naturally
through infection + immune system produces antibodies and specialized
lymphocytes
\.T/F: immunity length can vary upon the agent - ANSWERS✔-TRUE
\.life-long immunity means? - ANSWERS✔-once you are exposed to these agents +
your immune system makes antibodies against these, you have immunity for life
\.which antigens do we have life-long immunity against? - ANSWERS✔-chickenpox,
measles, smallpox, yellow fever
\.immune system does not build immunity at all to which agents? - ANSWERS✔-
influenza + pneumonia
,agent enters, immune system mounts response, memory cells do not stay around
+ are lost. once exposed, immune system removes agent. next time you are
exposed, immune system starts from scratch again
\.immune systems loses immunity after a few years to which antigens? -
ANSWERS✔-diphtheria + tetanus
need a new shot every 5-7 years
\.naturally acquired passive immunity - ANSWERS✔-antibodies produced in body
of a donor are naturally transferred into body of recipient
IgA antibodies passed from mom to baby via breastmilk or placenta, last 1 year to
15 months, eventually antibodies disappear + baby mounts their own immune
response
\.artificially acquired active immunity - ANSWERS✔-antigens are intentionally
introduced in vaccines + body produces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes
\.artifically acquired passive immunity - ANSWERS✔-Introduction of antibody-rich
serum (blood plasma w/o clotting factors) taken from diseased individual to
another susceptible individual
quick response
,passive = person receives antibodies
artificial = done in lab or in horse
get bit by snake, milk snake to get venom, inject it into large mammal like a horse
to produce antibodies to neutralize snake toxin, bleed horse + isolate antibodies,
give you a shot of antivenom in hospital
\.passive vs. active immunization - ANSWERS✔-passive = start off with injection,
antibodies used up to fight agent, amount of antibodies quickly declines bc person
is not building any more antibodies for 10-14 days
active = natural exposure or vaccine, start with injection of antigen, mount
immune response, but you need a threshold dose of antibodies in your system to
be truly immune + to prevent signs and symptoms to become asymptomatic.
might need boosters to keep you above threshold concentration
\.2 types of cancer vaccines - ANSWERS✔-preventative = used to prevent cancer
by targeting viruses that lead to cancer like HPV + hepatitis B
therapeutic = used to treat patients with cancer, most are in experimental stage
\.T/F: just because you are above threshold does not mean you cannot be infected
with virus - ANSWERS✔-TRUE
, you have chickenpox vaccine, come across someone with chickenpox virus, virus
can still enter you + lay dormant until you're older + come back as shingles
\.history of smallpox - ANSWERS✔-epidemics in Europe, killing half the people,
people who survived were disfigured with divots in deeper layers of their skin,
once smallpox affected royals, treatment options started happening
Edward Jenner studied subset of people who never got smallpox again (people
who survived + milkmaids). cows had cowpox, milkmaids got cowpox virus inside
of them. cowpox closely related to smallpox, memory cells were suffice to
neutralize smallpox virus. wanted to use cowpox virus to vaccinate everyone
\.considerations of a flu vaccine? - ANSWERS✔-H + N glycoproteins on surface of
flu virus
conserved areas = regions of glycoprotein that are similar from strain to strain
variable areas = each variation of H has these regions, difference between each
hoping immune system will neutralize conserved regions and
each flu szn need a diff flu shot due to variable regions
antigenic shift = more variable regions, more differences from strain to strain
QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.what does active mean? - ANSWERS✔-the person is making the immune
response
not getting immune response from someone else
\.what does passive mean? - ANSWERS✔-immune response passed from one
person to another
\.naturally acquired active immunity - ANSWERS✔-antigens enter body naturally
through infection + immune system produces antibodies and specialized
lymphocytes
\.T/F: immunity length can vary upon the agent - ANSWERS✔-TRUE
\.life-long immunity means? - ANSWERS✔-once you are exposed to these agents +
your immune system makes antibodies against these, you have immunity for life
\.which antigens do we have life-long immunity against? - ANSWERS✔-chickenpox,
measles, smallpox, yellow fever
\.immune system does not build immunity at all to which agents? - ANSWERS✔-
influenza + pneumonia
,agent enters, immune system mounts response, memory cells do not stay around
+ are lost. once exposed, immune system removes agent. next time you are
exposed, immune system starts from scratch again
\.immune systems loses immunity after a few years to which antigens? -
ANSWERS✔-diphtheria + tetanus
need a new shot every 5-7 years
\.naturally acquired passive immunity - ANSWERS✔-antibodies produced in body
of a donor are naturally transferred into body of recipient
IgA antibodies passed from mom to baby via breastmilk or placenta, last 1 year to
15 months, eventually antibodies disappear + baby mounts their own immune
response
\.artificially acquired active immunity - ANSWERS✔-antigens are intentionally
introduced in vaccines + body produces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes
\.artifically acquired passive immunity - ANSWERS✔-Introduction of antibody-rich
serum (blood plasma w/o clotting factors) taken from diseased individual to
another susceptible individual
quick response
,passive = person receives antibodies
artificial = done in lab or in horse
get bit by snake, milk snake to get venom, inject it into large mammal like a horse
to produce antibodies to neutralize snake toxin, bleed horse + isolate antibodies,
give you a shot of antivenom in hospital
\.passive vs. active immunization - ANSWERS✔-passive = start off with injection,
antibodies used up to fight agent, amount of antibodies quickly declines bc person
is not building any more antibodies for 10-14 days
active = natural exposure or vaccine, start with injection of antigen, mount
immune response, but you need a threshold dose of antibodies in your system to
be truly immune + to prevent signs and symptoms to become asymptomatic.
might need boosters to keep you above threshold concentration
\.2 types of cancer vaccines - ANSWERS✔-preventative = used to prevent cancer
by targeting viruses that lead to cancer like HPV + hepatitis B
therapeutic = used to treat patients with cancer, most are in experimental stage
\.T/F: just because you are above threshold does not mean you cannot be infected
with virus - ANSWERS✔-TRUE
, you have chickenpox vaccine, come across someone with chickenpox virus, virus
can still enter you + lay dormant until you're older + come back as shingles
\.history of smallpox - ANSWERS✔-epidemics in Europe, killing half the people,
people who survived were disfigured with divots in deeper layers of their skin,
once smallpox affected royals, treatment options started happening
Edward Jenner studied subset of people who never got smallpox again (people
who survived + milkmaids). cows had cowpox, milkmaids got cowpox virus inside
of them. cowpox closely related to smallpox, memory cells were suffice to
neutralize smallpox virus. wanted to use cowpox virus to vaccinate everyone
\.considerations of a flu vaccine? - ANSWERS✔-H + N glycoproteins on surface of
flu virus
conserved areas = regions of glycoprotein that are similar from strain to strain
variable areas = each variation of H has these regions, difference between each
hoping immune system will neutralize conserved regions and
each flu szn need a diff flu shot due to variable regions
antigenic shift = more variable regions, more differences from strain to strain
