Portage Learning A&P 1 – Module 5 Muscular System Exam 2026/2027 Upgraded Questions and Answers

PORTAGE LEARNING: A&P 1 MODULE 5 -
MUSCULAR SYSTEM EXAM WITH
UPGRADED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026/2027

1. Name the 3 types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
2. skeletal muscle: have blood & nervous supply to provide movement under conscious control
3. What does it mean that skeletal muscles are under conscious control?: meaning
that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action
4. Communication to coordinate movement starts where?: In the brain with a message
sent through the spinal cord & eventually attaches to a muscle
5. What is included in the central nervous system?: brain and spinal cord
6. The CNS (brain and spinal cord) connect to?: peripheral nervous system
7. What do peripheral nerves do: carry signal from CNS (brain+spinal cord) to muscle to enable
movement
8. peripheral nerves: carry signal from CNS (brain+spinal cord) to muscle to enable movement
9. examples of peripheral nerves: spinal nerves (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), the upper trunk of the
brachial plexus, and the radial nerve.
10. Motor action: (CNS to Muscle) Message from CNS to a muscle is called motor actions
11. Sensory Input (sensation): (Environment to nerves to CNS) Information sent from external environ-
ment by nerves to the central nervous system
12. Central Nervous System (brain & spinal cord) connect to: Peripheral Nervous system
13. Examples of peripheral nerves: 1. spinal nerves (lumbar, thoracic, cervical)
2. Upper trunk of the brachial plexus
3. Radial nerve
14. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Carries information into and out of the CNS
- carry communication from CNS to muscle AND carry info from environment to CNS
15. describe the difference between tendons and ligaments: tendons are connective tissue
that attaches muscle to bone at the end.

Ligaments are connective tissue that connect bone to bone. Helping to stabilize joints where bone meets.

,16. Tendons: connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
17. Origin vs insertion of a muscle: Origin is a fixed stationary point; insertion is the place that is moved
during a muscle contraction
18. origin: muscles attach to non movable bone
19. insertion: muscles attach to movable bone

,20. Muscle action: ettect produced by a muscle contraction
- named for action they produce, e.g., flexor or extensor
- i.e. tricep is the primary extensor of the forearm
21. Innervation: a peripheral nerve that supplies muscle with a message from brain
22. describe muscle action and innervation?: Action of muscle is what ettect is produced by the
muscle's contraction

The innervation is the peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with the message from the brain.
23. How many total cranial nerves: 12
24. Where do cranial nerves originate and control?: On the ventral surface of brain
&
controll muscles function of several organs & glands
25. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION:
26. List all the muscles of the facial expression: (8): BOOM - ZRFT

1. Obicularis Oculi
2. Obicularis Oris
3. Zygomaticus major/minor
4. Risorius
5. Frontalis (occipitofrontailis)
6. Buccinator
7. Masseter
8. Temporalis
27. Orbicularis Oculi: close eye; facial nerve CN VII




28. Orbicularis Oris: closes mouth, protrudes lips, presses lips to teeth; facial nerve CN VII

, 29. Zygomaticus Major: Action: pulls corners of lips upward
Innervation: facial nerve CN VII
Inferior to zygomaticus minor
(cheek bone)
30. Zygomaticus Major: - Action: pulls corners of lips upward

- Innervation: facial nerve CN VII
Inferior to zygomaticus minor
(cheek bone)
31. Risorius: - pulls the corners of the mouth posteriorly (grinning)
- cranial nerve CN VII
(attaches to corner of mouth)



32. frontalis (occipitofrontailis): - action: raise eyebrows; wrinkle forehead
- Cranial Nerve VII;




33. Buccinator: - compresses cheek;
- innervation: cranial nerve VII
- location: deep to zygomaticus