WGU D520 CAPSTONE TASK 1-5 BUNDLE
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ problem of induction.
Answer: the future might not resemble the past
◍ population.
Answer: total group under study
◍ exploratory method (aka inductive method).
Answer: 3 steps (bottom up approach)1. the researcher starts by making
observations2. the researcher studies the observations and searches for
patterns (i.e. a statement of what is occurring)3. the researcher makes a
tentative conclusion or a generalization about the pattern or how some
aspect of the world operates**follows a "logic of discovery"sometimes
referred to as the INDUCTIVE METHOD because it moves from the
"particular to the general"
◍ How to determine if understanding was the objective of a research study.
Answer: ask yourself these questions:1. were the researchers studying a
phenomenon or some aspect of a phenomenon about WHICH LITTLE
WAS PREVIOUSLY KNOWN?2. Did the researchers choose to study a
phenomenon WITHOUT ANY PRECONCEIVED NOTIONS?3. Were the
researchers trying to "DISCOVER" IMPORTANT FACTORS or "generate"
new ideas for further research?
◍ monoanalysis.
Answer: if you only use one type of data analysis (only quantitative or only
qualitative)
◍ null hypothesis.
, Answer: predicts no difference or no relationship in the population
◍ learning organization.
Answer: if someone is is in a leadership role, they should attempt to build an
organization whose members continually learn, develop and grow
◍ initiation (rationale for using mixed research).
Answer: seeks the discovery of paradox and contradiction, new perspectives
and new frameworks, and the recasting of questions or results from one
method with questions or results from the other method
◍ research focus (mixed research).
Answer: - multilens focus
◍ 5 Varieties of Evaluative Research.
Answer: 1. Needs assessment - is there a need?2. Theory assessment - is it
conceptualized in a way that will work?3. Implementation assessment - was
it implemented properly?4. Impact assessment - did it have an impact on the
target audience?5. Efficiency assessment - is it cost effective?
◍ theoretical validity.
Answer: the degree to which a theoretical explanation developed from a
research study FITS THE DATA and is therefore credible and defensible-
◍ internal consistency.
Answer: - consistency that items MEASURE SINGLE CONSTRUCT- used
to estimate reliability of HOMOGENOUS TEST (test that measures one
construct) or to estimate reliability of dimensions on multidimensional test
◍ inter-method mixing.
Answer: two or more of the methods of data collection are used in a research
studyex. standardized TEST data and qualitative INTERVIEW data might
be mixed/combined in a given studyinter = between
◍ sample.
Answer: - individuals- group
◍ questionnaires.
, Answer: PURPOSE- obtains information about the thoughts, feelings,
attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions, personality, and behavioral
intentionsVARIETIES- quantitative (closed)- qualitative*standardized
open-ended*interview guide approach*informal conversational
◍ Intervening variable (mediating).
Answer: occurs between two other variables in a chain of cause and effect
◍ significance testing.
Answer: synonym for hypothesis testing, checking for statistical significance
◍ Emic Perspective (when seeking integration objective).
Answer: - provides insider's perspective- gives meaning and views of people
being studied- gets inside the heads of groups members- includes local
languages, forms of expression, and jargon/slang
◍ linquistic-relativity hypothesis.
Answer: - language can influence our views of the world. some languages
can allow people to see distinctions that you don't notice.ex. inuits' see many
types of snow, where us. Americans only see a few types of snow
◍ sequential validity (mixed research).
Answer: the degree to which a mixed researcher appropriately address
and/or builds on findings from earlier qualitative and quantitative phases
◍ Non-experimental research.
Answer: no manipulation of the independent variable and no random
assignmentsTwo categories : causal-comparative and correlational
◍ unique case orientation.
Answer: the researcher assumes that each case is special and unique. The
first level of analysis is being true to, respecting, and capturing the details of
the individual cases being studied; cross-case analysis follows from - and
depends on - the quality of individual case studies
◍ estimation.
Answer: estimated the characteristics of populations based on their sample
, data
◍ statement of purpose in quantitative study.
Answer: a declarative statement that identifies the type of relationship
investigated between a set of variables
◍ methodological paradigm.
Answer: quantitative research - methogological pardigmResearch Methods:-
experimental - non experimentalqualitative research - methogological
pardigmResearch Methods:- phenomenology- ethnography- narrative
inquiry- case study- grounded theoryMixed Research - - methogological
pardigmResearch Methods:both quantitative and qualitativeAction Research
- - methogological pardigmResearch Methods:both quantitative and
qualitative
◍ CONVERSATIONAL LEADERSHIP PROCESS 5: guide collective
intelligence toward effective action.
Answer: potential for collective intelligence or wise action is compromised
when any ingredient of the framework is missing or poorly executed.
◍ constructed and secondary or existing data.
Answer: PURPOSE- Constructed: information produced by your research
participants during the research study- Secondary/Existing: information
collected, recorded, or left behind at an earlier time, usually by a different
person and often for an entirely different purposeVARIETIES -
Constructed*drawings/painting*diaries*recordings*videos*newly produced
personal documents- Secondary/existing*personal documents*official
documents*physical data*archived research data
◍ double-loop learning.
Answer: critically examines and challenges deeply rooted assumptions,
values, realities, and reasons for actions and learns how the problem relates
to the larger system
◍ statistic.
Answer: numerical characteristic of a sample
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ problem of induction.
Answer: the future might not resemble the past
◍ population.
Answer: total group under study
◍ exploratory method (aka inductive method).
Answer: 3 steps (bottom up approach)1. the researcher starts by making
observations2. the researcher studies the observations and searches for
patterns (i.e. a statement of what is occurring)3. the researcher makes a
tentative conclusion or a generalization about the pattern or how some
aspect of the world operates**follows a "logic of discovery"sometimes
referred to as the INDUCTIVE METHOD because it moves from the
"particular to the general"
◍ How to determine if understanding was the objective of a research study.
Answer: ask yourself these questions:1. were the researchers studying a
phenomenon or some aspect of a phenomenon about WHICH LITTLE
WAS PREVIOUSLY KNOWN?2. Did the researchers choose to study a
phenomenon WITHOUT ANY PRECONCEIVED NOTIONS?3. Were the
researchers trying to "DISCOVER" IMPORTANT FACTORS or "generate"
new ideas for further research?
◍ monoanalysis.
Answer: if you only use one type of data analysis (only quantitative or only
qualitative)
◍ null hypothesis.
, Answer: predicts no difference or no relationship in the population
◍ learning organization.
Answer: if someone is is in a leadership role, they should attempt to build an
organization whose members continually learn, develop and grow
◍ initiation (rationale for using mixed research).
Answer: seeks the discovery of paradox and contradiction, new perspectives
and new frameworks, and the recasting of questions or results from one
method with questions or results from the other method
◍ research focus (mixed research).
Answer: - multilens focus
◍ 5 Varieties of Evaluative Research.
Answer: 1. Needs assessment - is there a need?2. Theory assessment - is it
conceptualized in a way that will work?3. Implementation assessment - was
it implemented properly?4. Impact assessment - did it have an impact on the
target audience?5. Efficiency assessment - is it cost effective?
◍ theoretical validity.
Answer: the degree to which a theoretical explanation developed from a
research study FITS THE DATA and is therefore credible and defensible-
◍ internal consistency.
Answer: - consistency that items MEASURE SINGLE CONSTRUCT- used
to estimate reliability of HOMOGENOUS TEST (test that measures one
construct) or to estimate reliability of dimensions on multidimensional test
◍ inter-method mixing.
Answer: two or more of the methods of data collection are used in a research
studyex. standardized TEST data and qualitative INTERVIEW data might
be mixed/combined in a given studyinter = between
◍ sample.
Answer: - individuals- group
◍ questionnaires.
, Answer: PURPOSE- obtains information about the thoughts, feelings,
attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions, personality, and behavioral
intentionsVARIETIES- quantitative (closed)- qualitative*standardized
open-ended*interview guide approach*informal conversational
◍ Intervening variable (mediating).
Answer: occurs between two other variables in a chain of cause and effect
◍ significance testing.
Answer: synonym for hypothesis testing, checking for statistical significance
◍ Emic Perspective (when seeking integration objective).
Answer: - provides insider's perspective- gives meaning and views of people
being studied- gets inside the heads of groups members- includes local
languages, forms of expression, and jargon/slang
◍ linquistic-relativity hypothesis.
Answer: - language can influence our views of the world. some languages
can allow people to see distinctions that you don't notice.ex. inuits' see many
types of snow, where us. Americans only see a few types of snow
◍ sequential validity (mixed research).
Answer: the degree to which a mixed researcher appropriately address
and/or builds on findings from earlier qualitative and quantitative phases
◍ Non-experimental research.
Answer: no manipulation of the independent variable and no random
assignmentsTwo categories : causal-comparative and correlational
◍ unique case orientation.
Answer: the researcher assumes that each case is special and unique. The
first level of analysis is being true to, respecting, and capturing the details of
the individual cases being studied; cross-case analysis follows from - and
depends on - the quality of individual case studies
◍ estimation.
Answer: estimated the characteristics of populations based on their sample
, data
◍ statement of purpose in quantitative study.
Answer: a declarative statement that identifies the type of relationship
investigated between a set of variables
◍ methodological paradigm.
Answer: quantitative research - methogological pardigmResearch Methods:-
experimental - non experimentalqualitative research - methogological
pardigmResearch Methods:- phenomenology- ethnography- narrative
inquiry- case study- grounded theoryMixed Research - - methogological
pardigmResearch Methods:both quantitative and qualitativeAction Research
- - methogological pardigmResearch Methods:both quantitative and
qualitative
◍ CONVERSATIONAL LEADERSHIP PROCESS 5: guide collective
intelligence toward effective action.
Answer: potential for collective intelligence or wise action is compromised
when any ingredient of the framework is missing or poorly executed.
◍ constructed and secondary or existing data.
Answer: PURPOSE- Constructed: information produced by your research
participants during the research study- Secondary/Existing: information
collected, recorded, or left behind at an earlier time, usually by a different
person and often for an entirely different purposeVARIETIES -
Constructed*drawings/painting*diaries*recordings*videos*newly produced
personal documents- Secondary/existing*personal documents*official
documents*physical data*archived research data
◍ double-loop learning.
Answer: critically examines and challenges deeply rooted assumptions,
values, realities, and reasons for actions and learns how the problem relates
to the larger system
◍ statistic.
Answer: numerical characteristic of a sample
