BSN 375 Final Exam: Advanced Issues in Cognition
Updated and Verified Questions and Correct
Answers - Nightingale College (Version 4)
1. Which brain region is primarily responsible for the consolidation of short-
term memory into long-term memory?
A. Amaygdala
B. Hippocampus
C. Prefrontal Cortex
D. Basal Ganglia
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The hippocampus is the critical structure for forming new memories and
converting short-term information into long-term storage.
2. A patient exhibits fluent speech that lacks meaning and has difficulty
understanding spoken language. This is characteristic of:
A. Broca’s Aphasia
B. Global Aphasia
C. Anomic Aphasia
D. Wernicke’s Aphasia
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Wernicke’s aphasia involves damage to the temporal lobe, resulting in ‘word
salad’ where speech is fluid but nonsensical.
,3. Which neurotransmitter is most significantly decreased in the brains of
patients with Alzheimer’s Disease?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Serotonin
C. Dopamine
D. GABA
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Alzheimer’s is characterized by a significant loss of cholinergic neurons,
leading to a deficiency in acetylcholine.
4. What is the primary characteristic of executive function?
A. Rote memorization of facts
B. Sensory perception of environment
C. Automatic motor responses
D. Goal-directed behavior and self-regulation
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Executive functions, managed by the prefrontal cortex, include planning,
decision-making, and inhibiting inappropriate behaviors.
5. The ability of the brain to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections
throughout life is known as:
A. Neurogenesis
B. Long-term Potentiation
C. Synaptic Pruning
D. Neuroplasticity
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s adaptive capacity to change its structure
and function in response to experience or injury.
, 6. Which type of memory is used when you ride a bicycle after many years?
A. Semantic Memory
B. Working Memory
C. Episodic Memory
D. Procedural Memory
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Procedural memory is a type of implicit memory that stores information on
how to perform motor skills and actions.
7. A sudden, fluctuating state of confusion often caused by physical illness or
drug toxicity is called:
A. Delirium
B. Dementia
C. Depression
D. Amnesia
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Delirium is an acute, reversible state of confusion, unlike dementia which is
chronic and progressive.
8. In Baddeley’s model of working memory, which component coordinates the
‘slave systems’?
A. Central Executive
B. Visuospatial Sketchpad
C. Phonological Loop
D. Episodic Buffer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The Central Executive acts as the control system that allocates attention and
manages the flow of information to other components.
Updated and Verified Questions and Correct
Answers - Nightingale College (Version 4)
1. Which brain region is primarily responsible for the consolidation of short-
term memory into long-term memory?
A. Amaygdala
B. Hippocampus
C. Prefrontal Cortex
D. Basal Ganglia
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The hippocampus is the critical structure for forming new memories and
converting short-term information into long-term storage.
2. A patient exhibits fluent speech that lacks meaning and has difficulty
understanding spoken language. This is characteristic of:
A. Broca’s Aphasia
B. Global Aphasia
C. Anomic Aphasia
D. Wernicke’s Aphasia
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Wernicke’s aphasia involves damage to the temporal lobe, resulting in ‘word
salad’ where speech is fluid but nonsensical.
,3. Which neurotransmitter is most significantly decreased in the brains of
patients with Alzheimer’s Disease?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Serotonin
C. Dopamine
D. GABA
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Alzheimer’s is characterized by a significant loss of cholinergic neurons,
leading to a deficiency in acetylcholine.
4. What is the primary characteristic of executive function?
A. Rote memorization of facts
B. Sensory perception of environment
C. Automatic motor responses
D. Goal-directed behavior and self-regulation
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Executive functions, managed by the prefrontal cortex, include planning,
decision-making, and inhibiting inappropriate behaviors.
5. The ability of the brain to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections
throughout life is known as:
A. Neurogenesis
B. Long-term Potentiation
C. Synaptic Pruning
D. Neuroplasticity
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s adaptive capacity to change its structure
and function in response to experience or injury.
, 6. Which type of memory is used when you ride a bicycle after many years?
A. Semantic Memory
B. Working Memory
C. Episodic Memory
D. Procedural Memory
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Procedural memory is a type of implicit memory that stores information on
how to perform motor skills and actions.
7. A sudden, fluctuating state of confusion often caused by physical illness or
drug toxicity is called:
A. Delirium
B. Dementia
C. Depression
D. Amnesia
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Delirium is an acute, reversible state of confusion, unlike dementia which is
chronic and progressive.
8. In Baddeley’s model of working memory, which component coordinates the
‘slave systems’?
A. Central Executive
B. Visuospatial Sketchpad
C. Phonological Loop
D. Episodic Buffer
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The Central Executive acts as the control system that allocates attention and
manages the flow of information to other components.
