BSN 375 Final Exam: Advanced Issues in Cognition
Updated and Verified Questions and Correct
Answers - Nightingale College (Version 2)
1. Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for executive functions such
as decision-making, planning, and impulse control?
A. Occipital lobe
B. Cerebellum
C. Prefrontal cortex
D. Temporal lobe
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The prefrontal cortex is the center for higher-order cognitive processes
known as executive functions.
2. A patient who can remember their childhood but cannot form new memories
after a head injury is likely suffering from:
A. Retrograde amnesia
B. Prosopagnosia
C. Semantic dementia
D. Anterograde amnesia
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories after the event
that caused the amnesia.
,3. Which type of memory is responsible for the storage of facts and general
knowledge about the world?
A. Semantic memory
B. Episodic memory
C. Working memory
D. Procedural memory
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Semantic memory stores general knowledge, concepts, and facts not tied to a
specific personal experience.
4. In the context of attention, what is the ‘Stroop Effect’ used to demonstrate?
A. The speed of visual processing
B. The consolidation of long-term memory
C. The capacity of short-term memory
D. Interference in the reaction time of a task
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The Stroop Effect shows how automatic processing (reading) interferes with
a less automated task (naming colors).
5. Which neurotransmitter is most significantly depleted in patients with
Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
C. GABA
D. Serotonin
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Acetylcholine is vital for memory and learning; its deficiency is a hallmark of
Alzheimer’s pathology.
, 6. What term describes the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new
neural connections throughout life?
A. Myelination
B. Neurogenesis
C. Synaptic pruning
D. Neuroplasticity
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Neuroplasticity refers to the physiological changes in the brain that happen
as a result of interactions with our environment.
7. A patient displays fluent but nonsensical speech and has difficulty
understanding spoken language. Which condition is most likely?
A. Broca’s aphasia
B. Wernicke’s aphasia
C. Global aphasia
D. Conduction aphasia
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Wernicke’s aphasia involves damage to the temporal lobe resulting in fluent
but meaningless speech and poor comprehension.
8. Which component of Baddeley’s Working Memory Model handles auditory
information?
A. Visuospatial sketchpad
B. Central executive
C. Episodic buffer
D. Phonological loop
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The phonological loop is specialized for holding and manipulating speech-
based information.
Updated and Verified Questions and Correct
Answers - Nightingale College (Version 2)
1. Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for executive functions such
as decision-making, planning, and impulse control?
A. Occipital lobe
B. Cerebellum
C. Prefrontal cortex
D. Temporal lobe
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The prefrontal cortex is the center for higher-order cognitive processes
known as executive functions.
2. A patient who can remember their childhood but cannot form new memories
after a head injury is likely suffering from:
A. Retrograde amnesia
B. Prosopagnosia
C. Semantic dementia
D. Anterograde amnesia
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories after the event
that caused the amnesia.
,3. Which type of memory is responsible for the storage of facts and general
knowledge about the world?
A. Semantic memory
B. Episodic memory
C. Working memory
D. Procedural memory
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Semantic memory stores general knowledge, concepts, and facts not tied to a
specific personal experience.
4. In the context of attention, what is the ‘Stroop Effect’ used to demonstrate?
A. The speed of visual processing
B. The consolidation of long-term memory
C. The capacity of short-term memory
D. Interference in the reaction time of a task
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The Stroop Effect shows how automatic processing (reading) interferes with
a less automated task (naming colors).
5. Which neurotransmitter is most significantly depleted in patients with
Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
C. GABA
D. Serotonin
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Acetylcholine is vital for memory and learning; its deficiency is a hallmark of
Alzheimer’s pathology.
, 6. What term describes the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new
neural connections throughout life?
A. Myelination
B. Neurogenesis
C. Synaptic pruning
D. Neuroplasticity
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Neuroplasticity refers to the physiological changes in the brain that happen
as a result of interactions with our environment.
7. A patient displays fluent but nonsensical speech and has difficulty
understanding spoken language. Which condition is most likely?
A. Broca’s aphasia
B. Wernicke’s aphasia
C. Global aphasia
D. Conduction aphasia
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Wernicke’s aphasia involves damage to the temporal lobe resulting in fluent
but meaningless speech and poor comprehension.
8. Which component of Baddeley’s Working Memory Model handles auditory
information?
A. Visuospatial sketchpad
B. Central executive
C. Episodic buffer
D. Phonological loop
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The phonological loop is specialized for holding and manipulating speech-
based information.
