COMSAE PHASE 1 FORM 114
EXAM
Cardiology & Foundations
1.
A 58-year-old man presents with crushing chest pain radiating to the
jaw. ECG shows ST elevations in V1–V4. Which artery is occluded?
A. Right coronary artery
B. Left circumflex
C. Left anterior descending
D. Posterior descending
Answer: C
Rationale: ST elevation in V1–V4 indicates an anterior MI, most
commonly due to LAD occlusion.
2.
A patient with hypertension is started on an ACE inhibitor. Which
change is expected?
A. Increased aldosterone
,B. Decreased bradykinin
C. Increased angiotensin II
D. Decreased aldosterone
Answer: D
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce angiotensin II, leading to decreased
aldosterone and reduced blood pressure.
3.
A 70-year-old with atrial fibrillation is at risk for thrombus formation
in which location?
A. Right ventricle
B. Left atrial appendage
C. Pulmonary artery
D. Coronary sinus
Answer: B
Rationale: Blood stasis in the left atrial appendage predisposes to clot
formation in atrial fibrillation.
4.
Which heart sound is associated with heart failure?
, A. S1
B. S2
C. S3
D. S4
Answer: C
Rationale: S3 is associated with volume overload and heart failure.
5.
A patient has a systolic murmur that increases with Valsalva.
Diagnosis?
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Mitral regurgitation
C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
D. Tricuspid stenosis
Answer: C
Rationale: HCM murmur increases with decreased preload (Valsalva).
6.
EXAM
Cardiology & Foundations
1.
A 58-year-old man presents with crushing chest pain radiating to the
jaw. ECG shows ST elevations in V1–V4. Which artery is occluded?
A. Right coronary artery
B. Left circumflex
C. Left anterior descending
D. Posterior descending
Answer: C
Rationale: ST elevation in V1–V4 indicates an anterior MI, most
commonly due to LAD occlusion.
2.
A patient with hypertension is started on an ACE inhibitor. Which
change is expected?
A. Increased aldosterone
,B. Decreased bradykinin
C. Increased angiotensin II
D. Decreased aldosterone
Answer: D
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce angiotensin II, leading to decreased
aldosterone and reduced blood pressure.
3.
A 70-year-old with atrial fibrillation is at risk for thrombus formation
in which location?
A. Right ventricle
B. Left atrial appendage
C. Pulmonary artery
D. Coronary sinus
Answer: B
Rationale: Blood stasis in the left atrial appendage predisposes to clot
formation in atrial fibrillation.
4.
Which heart sound is associated with heart failure?
, A. S1
B. S2
C. S3
D. S4
Answer: C
Rationale: S3 is associated with volume overload and heart failure.
5.
A patient has a systolic murmur that increases with Valsalva.
Diagnosis?
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Mitral regurgitation
C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
D. Tricuspid stenosis
Answer: C
Rationale: HCM murmur increases with decreased preload (Valsalva).
6.
