BIO 210 Genetics - Exam 2
GENE - answer a segment of DNA that is used to make a RNA molecule or a
polypeptide
TRANSCRIPTION – answer synthesizing RNA from a DNA template
PROTEIN ENCODING GENES - answer carry the information from the amino acid
sequence of a polypeptide
mRNA - answer the initial product of transcription; a temporary copy of a gene that
contains information to make a polypeptide
DNA REPLICATION - answer making DNA copies that are transmitted from cell to cell
and from parent to offspring
POLYPEPTIDE - answera linear sequence of amino acids that is the product of mRNA
translation; one or more fold to form a functional protein
GENE EXPRESSION - answerthe overall process by which the info w.in a gene is used
to produce a functional product
REGULATORY SEQUENCES - answersite for the binding of regulatory proteins
REGULATORY PROTEINS - answerinfluence the rate of transcription
PROMOTER bacteria - answersite for RNA polymerase binding; initiates transcription; -
35 and -10 sequences
PROMOTER eukaryotes - answersite for RNA polymerase binding; initiates
transcription; core promoter consists of a TATA box and transcriptional start site
TERMINATOR - answera sequence w.in a gene that signals the end of transcription
RIBOSOME-BINDING SITE - answersite on mRNA for ribosome binding; translation
begins near this site
CODON - answer3 nucleotide sequence w.in mRNA that determines the sequence of
amino acids w.in a polypeptide
RNA POLYMERASE bacteria - answeran enzyme that synthesis a strand of RNA using
a DNA strand as a template
, RNA POLYMERASE eukaryotes - answerthree types, RNA poly 1, 2 and 3 transcribes
protein-encoding genes
RIBOSOME - answera large macro-molecule structure that acts as the catalytic site for
polypeptide synthesis; allows mRNA and tRNA to be positioned correctly as the
polypeptide is made
SMALL NUCLEAR RNA - answerfound in high amounts in the nucleolus and promote
the covalent modification of rRNAs
TRANSFER RNA - answermolecules that act as temp carriers of amino acids, bringing
the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA
TATA BOX - answera sequence found w.in EUK core promoters that determine the
starting site for transcription
TRANSCRIPTION OF EUK PROTEIN ENCODING GENES IS INITIATED WHEN... -
answerRNA polymerase 2 and general transcription factors bind to a promoter
sequence
SHINE-DALGARNO SEQUENCE - answera sequence in bacterial mRNAs that
functions as a ribosomal-binding site
WHICH BASE SEQUENCES ARE USED DURING TRANSCRIPTION? -
answerpromoter and terminator
TRANSCRIPTIONAL START SITE - answerthe first base used as a template for
transcription and is denoted +1
KEY SEQUENCE SITES IN BACTERIAL TRANSCRIPTION - answer-35 and -10
BACTERIAL TRANSCRIPTION IS INITIATED WHEN - answerRNA polymerase
holonenzyme binds at the promoter
RNA POLYMERASE HOLOENZYME - answeran enzyme containing all of its subunits -
sigma factor and core enzyme
ENHANCER - answerDNA sequence that functions as a regulatory element in EUK;
binding w. regulatory transcription factor increases the rate of transcription
SILENCERS - answerDNA sequences that are recognized by transcription factors that
inhibit transcription
GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GTF - answerone of several proteins that are
necessary to initiate basal transcription at the core promoter
GENE - answer a segment of DNA that is used to make a RNA molecule or a
polypeptide
TRANSCRIPTION – answer synthesizing RNA from a DNA template
PROTEIN ENCODING GENES - answer carry the information from the amino acid
sequence of a polypeptide
mRNA - answer the initial product of transcription; a temporary copy of a gene that
contains information to make a polypeptide
DNA REPLICATION - answer making DNA copies that are transmitted from cell to cell
and from parent to offspring
POLYPEPTIDE - answera linear sequence of amino acids that is the product of mRNA
translation; one or more fold to form a functional protein
GENE EXPRESSION - answerthe overall process by which the info w.in a gene is used
to produce a functional product
REGULATORY SEQUENCES - answersite for the binding of regulatory proteins
REGULATORY PROTEINS - answerinfluence the rate of transcription
PROMOTER bacteria - answersite for RNA polymerase binding; initiates transcription; -
35 and -10 sequences
PROMOTER eukaryotes - answersite for RNA polymerase binding; initiates
transcription; core promoter consists of a TATA box and transcriptional start site
TERMINATOR - answera sequence w.in a gene that signals the end of transcription
RIBOSOME-BINDING SITE - answersite on mRNA for ribosome binding; translation
begins near this site
CODON - answer3 nucleotide sequence w.in mRNA that determines the sequence of
amino acids w.in a polypeptide
RNA POLYMERASE bacteria - answeran enzyme that synthesis a strand of RNA using
a DNA strand as a template
, RNA POLYMERASE eukaryotes - answerthree types, RNA poly 1, 2 and 3 transcribes
protein-encoding genes
RIBOSOME - answera large macro-molecule structure that acts as the catalytic site for
polypeptide synthesis; allows mRNA and tRNA to be positioned correctly as the
polypeptide is made
SMALL NUCLEAR RNA - answerfound in high amounts in the nucleolus and promote
the covalent modification of rRNAs
TRANSFER RNA - answermolecules that act as temp carriers of amino acids, bringing
the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA
TATA BOX - answera sequence found w.in EUK core promoters that determine the
starting site for transcription
TRANSCRIPTION OF EUK PROTEIN ENCODING GENES IS INITIATED WHEN... -
answerRNA polymerase 2 and general transcription factors bind to a promoter
sequence
SHINE-DALGARNO SEQUENCE - answera sequence in bacterial mRNAs that
functions as a ribosomal-binding site
WHICH BASE SEQUENCES ARE USED DURING TRANSCRIPTION? -
answerpromoter and terminator
TRANSCRIPTIONAL START SITE - answerthe first base used as a template for
transcription and is denoted +1
KEY SEQUENCE SITES IN BACTERIAL TRANSCRIPTION - answer-35 and -10
BACTERIAL TRANSCRIPTION IS INITIATED WHEN - answerRNA polymerase
holonenzyme binds at the promoter
RNA POLYMERASE HOLOENZYME - answeran enzyme containing all of its subunits -
sigma factor and core enzyme
ENHANCER - answerDNA sequence that functions as a regulatory element in EUK;
binding w. regulatory transcription factor increases the rate of transcription
SILENCERS - answerDNA sequences that are recognized by transcription factors that
inhibit transcription
GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GTF - answerone of several proteins that are
necessary to initiate basal transcription at the core promoter
