3/29/26, 9:28 AM PSYC 388- Final EXAM Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified || ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026 EX…
PSYC 388- Final EXAM Questions with 100%
Correct Answers | Verified || ACTUAL EXAM 2026
TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026 EXAM UPDATE
Save
Terms in this set (265)
List 5 factors that influenced the - There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
development of counselling in - In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues
Canada since the 1960s. related to the whole person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was
created in 1965.
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the
1980s.
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in
1986. This was important because it distinguished
counselling from other psychological professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for
their doctoral program in counselling.
E.G. Williamson Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
Clifford Beers He was hospitalized for mental illness. He
advocated for better treatment of patients and for
better mental health facilities.
Frank Parsons Founder of vocational guidance
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,3/29/26, 9:28 AM PSYC 388- Final EXAM Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified || ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026 EX…
Carl Rogers Had a humanistic view; developed person-
centered therapy.
Albert Ellis Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of
cognitive therapy that focuses on changing the
client's irrational beliefs.
Eric Berne Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3
ego states: the child, the adult, and the parent.
Aaron Beck Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps
patients identify automatic thoughts and reactions,
and helps them develop more beneficial reactions.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and
Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection,
(level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Diff between Canada and US in Counselling in USA grew out of professional
counselling psychology; in Canada grew out of educational
psychology.
1980s counselling also changed attention to gender issues and sexual preferences,
because of feminist theory, renewed emphasis on moral
development, challenges of working with different
ethnic and cultural groups.
Lawrence Kohlberg moral development; presented boys moral
dilemmas and studied their responses and
reasoning processes in making moral decisions.
Most famous moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an
ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should
he steal the medication and why?
https://quizlet.com/1161597771/psyc-388-final-exam-questions-with-100-correct-answers-verified-actual-exam-2026-test-graded-a-20252026-exam-u… 2/50
,3/29/26, 9:28 AM PSYC 388- Final EXAM Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified || ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026 EX…
Wellness Mode --2000 Wellness Mode --2000
Describe how the vocational Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to
guidance movement in public replace teachers in schools in areas of testing and
schools, and later in Canadian counselling. School boards begin hiring full-time
colleges and universities, counsellors as a result of the rising popularity of
contributed to the growth of the Rogers' humanistic approach. Counselling became
profession of counselling in Canada. to be seen as a crucial part of schools and should
be its own profession.
An important difference between their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic
psychiatrists and other allied mental medication
health professionals is:
Guidance deals with ___. counselling choice; change
deals with ___
Good qualities for effective Curiosity,
counsellor (12) ability to listen,
empathy,
comfort with conversation,
emotional intelligence,
introspection,
capacity for self-denial,
comfort with power,
ability to laugh,
monitor own biases,
ask for clarification,
explore racial and cultural differences
https://quizlet.com/1161597771/psyc-388-final-exam-questions-with-100-correct-answers-verified-actual-exam-2026-test-graded-a-20252026-exam-u… 3/50
, 3/29/26, 9:28 AM PSYC 388- Final EXAM Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified || ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026 EX…
Bad reasons for becoming a 1. Emotional distress,
counsellor (6) 2. Vicarious coping,
3. loneliness,
4. Desire for Power,
5. Need for love,
6. Vicarious rebellion
identify the symptoms of burnout, state of becoming emotionally or physically
describe its treatment, and identify drained to the point that one cannot perform
ways to prevent it. functions meaningfully.
Counsellors develop a negative self-concept,
negative job attitude, and even a loss of concern,
compassion, and feeling for others.
It's the most common personal consequence of
being a counsellor.
To avoid burnout, counsellors need to modify their
environment as well as the individual and
interpersonal factors associated with it.
Burnout can also be avoided/treated by:
associating with healthy individuals, using stress-
reduction exercises, engaging in self-assessment,
setting aside free and private time.
differentiate between the disciplines Counselling: Most professional counsellors in
of counselling, social work, Canada are either social workers or counselling
psychology, and psychiatry. psychologists.
Social work: Need BSW or MSw
Psychology: Can have a PhD, EdD, PsyD. Graduates
need to complete a practicum.
Psychiatry: Need a doctoral degree. The only ones
who can prescribe medications. Usually use the
medical model.
https://quizlet.com/1161597771/psyc-388-final-exam-questions-with-100-correct-answers-verified-actual-exam-2026-test-graded-a-20252026-exam-u… 4/50
PSYC 388- Final EXAM Questions with 100%
Correct Answers | Verified || ACTUAL EXAM 2026
TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026 EXAM UPDATE
Save
Terms in this set (265)
List 5 factors that influenced the - There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
development of counselling in - In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues
Canada since the 1960s. related to the whole person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was
created in 1965.
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the
1980s.
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in
1986. This was important because it distinguished
counselling from other psychological professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for
their doctoral program in counselling.
E.G. Williamson Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
Clifford Beers He was hospitalized for mental illness. He
advocated for better treatment of patients and for
better mental health facilities.
Frank Parsons Founder of vocational guidance
https://quizlet.com/1161597771/psyc-388-final-exam-questions-with-100-correct-answers-verified-actual-exam-2026-test-graded-a-20252026-exam-u… 1/50
,3/29/26, 9:28 AM PSYC 388- Final EXAM Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified || ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026 EX…
Carl Rogers Had a humanistic view; developed person-
centered therapy.
Albert Ellis Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of
cognitive therapy that focuses on changing the
client's irrational beliefs.
Eric Berne Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3
ego states: the child, the adult, and the parent.
Aaron Beck Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps
patients identify automatic thoughts and reactions,
and helps them develop more beneficial reactions.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and
Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection,
(level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Diff between Canada and US in Counselling in USA grew out of professional
counselling psychology; in Canada grew out of educational
psychology.
1980s counselling also changed attention to gender issues and sexual preferences,
because of feminist theory, renewed emphasis on moral
development, challenges of working with different
ethnic and cultural groups.
Lawrence Kohlberg moral development; presented boys moral
dilemmas and studied their responses and
reasoning processes in making moral decisions.
Most famous moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an
ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should
he steal the medication and why?
https://quizlet.com/1161597771/psyc-388-final-exam-questions-with-100-correct-answers-verified-actual-exam-2026-test-graded-a-20252026-exam-u… 2/50
,3/29/26, 9:28 AM PSYC 388- Final EXAM Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified || ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026 EX…
Wellness Mode --2000 Wellness Mode --2000
Describe how the vocational Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to
guidance movement in public replace teachers in schools in areas of testing and
schools, and later in Canadian counselling. School boards begin hiring full-time
colleges and universities, counsellors as a result of the rising popularity of
contributed to the growth of the Rogers' humanistic approach. Counselling became
profession of counselling in Canada. to be seen as a crucial part of schools and should
be its own profession.
An important difference between their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic
psychiatrists and other allied mental medication
health professionals is:
Guidance deals with ___. counselling choice; change
deals with ___
Good qualities for effective Curiosity,
counsellor (12) ability to listen,
empathy,
comfort with conversation,
emotional intelligence,
introspection,
capacity for self-denial,
comfort with power,
ability to laugh,
monitor own biases,
ask for clarification,
explore racial and cultural differences
https://quizlet.com/1161597771/psyc-388-final-exam-questions-with-100-correct-answers-verified-actual-exam-2026-test-graded-a-20252026-exam-u… 3/50
, 3/29/26, 9:28 AM PSYC 388- Final EXAM Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified || ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026 EX…
Bad reasons for becoming a 1. Emotional distress,
counsellor (6) 2. Vicarious coping,
3. loneliness,
4. Desire for Power,
5. Need for love,
6. Vicarious rebellion
identify the symptoms of burnout, state of becoming emotionally or physically
describe its treatment, and identify drained to the point that one cannot perform
ways to prevent it. functions meaningfully.
Counsellors develop a negative self-concept,
negative job attitude, and even a loss of concern,
compassion, and feeling for others.
It's the most common personal consequence of
being a counsellor.
To avoid burnout, counsellors need to modify their
environment as well as the individual and
interpersonal factors associated with it.
Burnout can also be avoided/treated by:
associating with healthy individuals, using stress-
reduction exercises, engaging in self-assessment,
setting aside free and private time.
differentiate between the disciplines Counselling: Most professional counsellors in
of counselling, social work, Canada are either social workers or counselling
psychology, and psychiatry. psychologists.
Social work: Need BSW or MSw
Psychology: Can have a PhD, EdD, PsyD. Graduates
need to complete a practicum.
Psychiatry: Need a doctoral degree. The only ones
who can prescribe medications. Usually use the
medical model.
https://quizlet.com/1161597771/psyc-388-final-exam-questions-with-100-correct-answers-verified-actual-exam-2026-test-graded-a-20252026-exam-u… 4/50
