EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN NURSING
& HEALTHCARE
A GUIDE TO BEST PRACTICE
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)BERNADETTE MAZUREK
MELNYK; ELLEN FINEOUT-OVERHOLT
TEST BANK
1)
Reference: Ch. 1 — Making the Case for EBP — Practice
Variation and Outcomes
EBP-Level Question Stem:
A medical-surgical unit has three different ways of preventing
pressure injuries, and each shift seems to prefer a different
method. The nurse manager notices that despite staff
confidence, pressure injury rates have not improved over 6
,months. Which interpretation best supports the case for EBP on
this unit?
A. Multiple routines indicate that clinical judgment is replacing
the need for evidence.
B. Variation in practice may reflect inconsistent evidence use
and a need to standardize care based on best evidence.
C. The current approach should remain unchanged because
local preference is the strongest guide to care.
D. Pressure injury rates are unrelated to nursing care because
these outcomes are usually determined by patient acuity alone.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct Answer:
Variation in practice often signals that care is not consistently
guided by the best available evidence. EBP helps reduce
unwarranted variation by aligning practice with evidence,
expertise, and patient values. A stable or worsening outcome
despite staff confidence is a strong reason to reexamine
practice patterns.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
A. Clinical judgment matters, but EBP does not replace it; it
integrates judgment with evidence.
C. Preference alone is not enough when outcomes are poor or
inconsistent.
D. Patient acuity matters, but nursing interventions still
influence pressure injury prevention.
,Teaching Point:
Unwarranted variation is a red flag for missing or inconsistent
evidence use.
Citation:
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2023). Evidence-Based
Practice in Nursing & Healthcare (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
2)
Reference: Ch. 1 — Making the Case for EBP — Outcomes and
Accountability
EBP-Level Question Stem:
A pediatric unit is asked to justify a new discharge teaching
program before implementation. Leaders want evidence that
the change will improve outcomes, not just that staff prefer it.
Which outcome best demonstrates EBP value to organizational
decision-makers?
A. Staff report that the teaching sessions feel more organized.
B. Parents say the materials look more professional.
C. Readmission rates and medication-related callback errors
decrease after implementation.
D. The education team completes the program on time and
within budget.
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale — Correct Answer:
EBP is strongest when it shows measurable improvement in
patient outcomes and system outcomes. Reduced readmissions
and fewer medication-related errors are clinically meaningful
indicators that the intervention is making a difference. These
outcomes are more persuasive than process or satisfaction
alone.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
A. Staff impressions are helpful but do not establish
effectiveness.
B. A polished appearance does not prove the intervention
works.
D. Efficiency matters, but completing a program does not equal
better care.
Teaching Point:
EBP is justified by outcome improvement, not just convenience
or appearance.
Citation:
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2023). Evidence-Based
Practice in Nursing & Healthcare (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
3)
Reference: Ch. 1 — Cultivating a Spirit of Inquiry — Curiosity in
Practice
& HEALTHCARE
A GUIDE TO BEST PRACTICE
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)BERNADETTE MAZUREK
MELNYK; ELLEN FINEOUT-OVERHOLT
TEST BANK
1)
Reference: Ch. 1 — Making the Case for EBP — Practice
Variation and Outcomes
EBP-Level Question Stem:
A medical-surgical unit has three different ways of preventing
pressure injuries, and each shift seems to prefer a different
method. The nurse manager notices that despite staff
confidence, pressure injury rates have not improved over 6
,months. Which interpretation best supports the case for EBP on
this unit?
A. Multiple routines indicate that clinical judgment is replacing
the need for evidence.
B. Variation in practice may reflect inconsistent evidence use
and a need to standardize care based on best evidence.
C. The current approach should remain unchanged because
local preference is the strongest guide to care.
D. Pressure injury rates are unrelated to nursing care because
these outcomes are usually determined by patient acuity alone.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct Answer:
Variation in practice often signals that care is not consistently
guided by the best available evidence. EBP helps reduce
unwarranted variation by aligning practice with evidence,
expertise, and patient values. A stable or worsening outcome
despite staff confidence is a strong reason to reexamine
practice patterns.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
A. Clinical judgment matters, but EBP does not replace it; it
integrates judgment with evidence.
C. Preference alone is not enough when outcomes are poor or
inconsistent.
D. Patient acuity matters, but nursing interventions still
influence pressure injury prevention.
,Teaching Point:
Unwarranted variation is a red flag for missing or inconsistent
evidence use.
Citation:
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2023). Evidence-Based
Practice in Nursing & Healthcare (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
2)
Reference: Ch. 1 — Making the Case for EBP — Outcomes and
Accountability
EBP-Level Question Stem:
A pediatric unit is asked to justify a new discharge teaching
program before implementation. Leaders want evidence that
the change will improve outcomes, not just that staff prefer it.
Which outcome best demonstrates EBP value to organizational
decision-makers?
A. Staff report that the teaching sessions feel more organized.
B. Parents say the materials look more professional.
C. Readmission rates and medication-related callback errors
decrease after implementation.
D. The education team completes the program on time and
within budget.
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale — Correct Answer:
EBP is strongest when it shows measurable improvement in
patient outcomes and system outcomes. Reduced readmissions
and fewer medication-related errors are clinically meaningful
indicators that the intervention is making a difference. These
outcomes are more persuasive than process or satisfaction
alone.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
A. Staff impressions are helpful but do not establish
effectiveness.
B. A polished appearance does not prove the intervention
works.
D. Efficiency matters, but completing a program does not equal
better care.
Teaching Point:
EBP is justified by outcome improvement, not just convenience
or appearance.
Citation:
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2023). Evidence-Based
Practice in Nursing & Healthcare (5th ed.). Ch. 1.
3)
Reference: Ch. 1 — Cultivating a Spirit of Inquiry — Curiosity in
Practice
