EEE 334 MIDTERM FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ Asynchronous.
Answer: use start and stop frames, oradds start/stop bits to each byte of
information This adds overhead to the transmission of each byte Parity bit is
typically added for error detection
◍ Frequency Bandwidth.
Answer: Signals that carry information will have a frequency bandwidth
thatcan be plotted in the frequency domain Bandwidth = FrequencyHIGH -
FrequencyLOW
◍ Error Detection CRC.
Answer: Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Transmitter For a k-bit block,
transmitter generates an (n-k)-bit frame checksequence (FCS) Resulting
frame of n bits is exactly divisible by predetermined number(polynomial)
Receiver Divides incoming frame by predetermined polynomial number If
no remainder, assumes no error
◍ Antennas create.
Answer: electromagnetic signals which carry information
◍ Did Webvan Fail? why?.
Answer: Yes, their market was attractive, industry was unattractive, low
margin
◍ AM Index: eq.
Answer: µAM=Am/Ac , 0≤µAM≤1
◍ Hartley's Law: eq.
, Answer: C(bps) = Baud * log2M
◍ discrete frequency.
Answer: Carrier wave that has not been modulated by a
user'sinformation/message is a
◍ Satellite Communications LEO, MEO, GEO.
Answer: LEO, MEO and GEO are orbits with progressivelyincreasing
altitudes with respect to the earth LEO and MEO systems are generally
configured asconstellations of multiple, small, low power satellites
◍ Digital Speech Interpolation (DSI).
Answer: Ability to compress data makes theassumption that there are
predictable pauses in normalhuman speech During these pauses, additional
voice signals are inserted (silence suppression)i t works effectively when
there are a significant number of voice conversations supported More
conversations supported, the more predictable the averagepauses
Performance degrades during heavy traffic
◍ Spread Spectrum - DSSS.
Answer: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) andEach requires unique
Pseudorandom Numbers assignedto communicating pairs These methods
also require the use of digital signalprocessors (DSP) which drive data
through sophisticatedalgorithms CDMA is a form of DSSS Communicating
users are given a unique PN code that isshared between the source and
destination The PN code is an "orthogonal" code that is used to expandthe
digital transmission (i.e., increase the number of bitstransmitted). This
results in a higher bit rate (called chip rate). The chip rate is larger than the
information bit rate, which inturn increases the frequency bandwidth of the
transmittedsignal.
◍ Access Method - DAMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA.
Answer: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Time Division
Multiple Access (TDMA)
◍ What is most important to get right in order for an investor to want to invest
, in your business?.
Answer: Executing on CSF's
◍ Raman Amplification.
Answer: Optical amplifiers are purely optical devices used withSMFRaman
Amplification requires no fiber doping They perform better than EDFAs in
terms of SNR High energy pump wavelength light beam transfers energy to
signal beam More costly than EDFA amplifier
◍ Why do businesses fail to raise capital?.
Answer: all of the above
◍ Plesichronous.
Answer: Plesiochronous devices run at nominally the same rate withdefined
parameters of tolerance for variations
◍ Optical Light Sources - LDs.
Answer: LDs More expensive and complex to manufacture than LEDs
Faster Coherent light - monochromatic Narrow spectral width They can
couple efficiently onto single mode fibers (SMF) Typically used with SMF
for long haul communications Ability to multiplex several wavelengths
together (ex.,WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) s Commonly used
with avalanche photodiodes (APD)detectors
◍ E-M polarization,.
Answer: An antenna designed for a given polarization will receiveno energy
from a wave with an orthogonal polarization Note: orthogonal or opposite
(ex. Right versus Leftpolarization)
◍ Half Duplex (HDX).
Answer: Half-duplex communication - communicationstravel in both
directions, but only in one direction ata time
◍ Passband,.
Answer: A passband signal is a baseband signal shifted to a higherfrequency
for transmission. modulation
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ Asynchronous.
Answer: use start and stop frames, oradds start/stop bits to each byte of
information This adds overhead to the transmission of each byte Parity bit is
typically added for error detection
◍ Frequency Bandwidth.
Answer: Signals that carry information will have a frequency bandwidth
thatcan be plotted in the frequency domain Bandwidth = FrequencyHIGH -
FrequencyLOW
◍ Error Detection CRC.
Answer: Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Transmitter For a k-bit block,
transmitter generates an (n-k)-bit frame checksequence (FCS) Resulting
frame of n bits is exactly divisible by predetermined number(polynomial)
Receiver Divides incoming frame by predetermined polynomial number If
no remainder, assumes no error
◍ Antennas create.
Answer: electromagnetic signals which carry information
◍ Did Webvan Fail? why?.
Answer: Yes, their market was attractive, industry was unattractive, low
margin
◍ AM Index: eq.
Answer: µAM=Am/Ac , 0≤µAM≤1
◍ Hartley's Law: eq.
, Answer: C(bps) = Baud * log2M
◍ discrete frequency.
Answer: Carrier wave that has not been modulated by a
user'sinformation/message is a
◍ Satellite Communications LEO, MEO, GEO.
Answer: LEO, MEO and GEO are orbits with progressivelyincreasing
altitudes with respect to the earth LEO and MEO systems are generally
configured asconstellations of multiple, small, low power satellites
◍ Digital Speech Interpolation (DSI).
Answer: Ability to compress data makes theassumption that there are
predictable pauses in normalhuman speech During these pauses, additional
voice signals are inserted (silence suppression)i t works effectively when
there are a significant number of voice conversations supported More
conversations supported, the more predictable the averagepauses
Performance degrades during heavy traffic
◍ Spread Spectrum - DSSS.
Answer: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) andEach requires unique
Pseudorandom Numbers assignedto communicating pairs These methods
also require the use of digital signalprocessors (DSP) which drive data
through sophisticatedalgorithms CDMA is a form of DSSS Communicating
users are given a unique PN code that isshared between the source and
destination The PN code is an "orthogonal" code that is used to expandthe
digital transmission (i.e., increase the number of bitstransmitted). This
results in a higher bit rate (called chip rate). The chip rate is larger than the
information bit rate, which inturn increases the frequency bandwidth of the
transmittedsignal.
◍ Access Method - DAMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA.
Answer: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Time Division
Multiple Access (TDMA)
◍ What is most important to get right in order for an investor to want to invest
, in your business?.
Answer: Executing on CSF's
◍ Raman Amplification.
Answer: Optical amplifiers are purely optical devices used withSMFRaman
Amplification requires no fiber doping They perform better than EDFAs in
terms of SNR High energy pump wavelength light beam transfers energy to
signal beam More costly than EDFA amplifier
◍ Why do businesses fail to raise capital?.
Answer: all of the above
◍ Plesichronous.
Answer: Plesiochronous devices run at nominally the same rate withdefined
parameters of tolerance for variations
◍ Optical Light Sources - LDs.
Answer: LDs More expensive and complex to manufacture than LEDs
Faster Coherent light - monochromatic Narrow spectral width They can
couple efficiently onto single mode fibers (SMF) Typically used with SMF
for long haul communications Ability to multiplex several wavelengths
together (ex.,WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) s Commonly used
with avalanche photodiodes (APD)detectors
◍ E-M polarization,.
Answer: An antenna designed for a given polarization will receiveno energy
from a wave with an orthogonal polarization Note: orthogonal or opposite
(ex. Right versus Leftpolarization)
◍ Half Duplex (HDX).
Answer: Half-duplex communication - communicationstravel in both
directions, but only in one direction ata time
◍ Passband,.
Answer: A passband signal is a baseband signal shifted to a higherfrequency
for transmission. modulation
