NR 565 Final Exam 2026/2027 Chamberlain Advanced Pharmacology
Fundamentals Actual Exam Verified Answers with Detailed Rationales
Study Guide Grade A
1. What is the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs?
A. Bacteriostatic kills bacteria; bactericidal stops growth
B. Bacteriostatic stops growth or spread; bactericidal kills bacteria
C. Both have the same mechanism
D. Neither kills bacteria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial growth and spread, while bactericidal
drugs kill bacteria directly.
2. What are examples of bacteriostatic drugs? (Select all that apply.)
A. Clindamycin
B. Macrolides
C. Sulfonamides
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D. Tetracyclines
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Bacteriostatic drugs include clindamycin, macrolides, sulfonamides, and
tetracyclines.
3. What are examples of bactericidal drugs? (Select all that apply.)
A. Aminoglycosides
B. Beta-lactams
C. Fluoroquinolones
D. Metronidazole
E. Streptogramins
F. Vancomycin
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E, F
Rationale: Bactericidal drugs include aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones,
metronidazole, streptogramins, and vancomycin.
4. What are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance? (Select all that apply.)
A. Recent antibiotic use
B. Provider overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics
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C. Not performing susceptibility testing
D. Age <2 years or >65 years
E. Daycare attendance, exposure to young children
F. Multiple comorbidities, immunosuppression
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E, F
Rationale: Antimicrobial resistance risk factors include antibiotic use, broad-spectrum
overuse, lack of susceptibility testing, extremes of age, daycare, comorbidities, and
immunosuppression.
5. What are subclasses of beta-lactam penicillins? (Select all that apply.)
A. Natural penicillins
B. Aminopenicillins
C. Anti-staphylococcal penicillins
D. Extended-spectrum penicillins
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Beta-lactam penicillin subclasses include natural penicillins, aminopenicillins,
anti-staphylococcal penicillins, and extended-spectrum penicillins.
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6. What is the pharmacodynamics of beta-lactam penicillins?
A. Inhibit protein synthesis
B. Inhibit biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall (beta-lactam ring)
C. Inhibit DNA synthesis
D. Inhibit folic acid synthesis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta-lactam penicillins inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis via the beta-lactam
ring.
7. What is first-line therapy for streptococcal pharyngitis?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Penicillin V
C. Cephalexin
D. Azithromycin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Penicillin V is first-line therapy for strep pharyngitis.
8. What is first-line therapy for all bites?
A. Penicillin V