NUR 334 pharm exam 2
What drug class does gentamicin belong to? – answer Aminoglycosides
What is the indicated use of aminoglycosides? - answer- Treat severe infections of the
abdomen and urinary tract, hospital acquired pneumonia, bacteremia, and endocarditis
- serious gram-negative bacterial infections and infections caused by staphylococci
when penicillins or other less toxic drugs are contraindicated
Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis? – answer tetracyclines, macrolides,
aminoglycosides
what are the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin? - answer- absorption: well absorbed IM
and IV
- distribution: widely distributed in extracellular fluid, cross placenta, small amount
enters breast milk, poor penetration into CSF
- metabolism and excretion: >90% renal
- half life: 2-4 hr or longer in renal impairment
What drugs fall into the aminoglycoside drug class? - answergentamicin, streptomycin,
amikacin, neomycin, trobramicin
What are the most common side effects and adverse effects of aminoglycosides
(symptoms associated)? - answer- ototoxicity: ringing in the ears
- anemia: fatigue, feeling cold, dizziness, pallor
- thrombocytopenia: excessive bruising, petechiae, excessive bleeding
- nephrotoxicity: oliguria, edema, hypertension
What is oliguria? - answer-Less than 500 cc of urine in 24 hours
-low urine output
What is the concern when a patient is experiencing oliguria? - answer- impaired renal
function possibly due to nephrotoxicity of a med or illness
- can alter the electrolyte balance and fluid balance of the body resulting in
hypo/hypernatremia or hypo/hyperkalemia
What is a broad spectrum antibiotic? - answerA drug effective against a wide variety of
microbial species
when would a narrow spectrum antibiotic be used? - answer- used for the specific
infection when the causative organism is known.
- They will not kill as many of the normal micro organisms in the body as the broad
spectrum antibiotics
, What are the common side effects of penicillins? - answern/v/d, epigastric distress, pain
at IM injection site, phlebitis at IV site, rash
what are the serious adverse reactions associated with penicillin? - answerCDAD (C.
diff diarrhea), hypersensitivity reactions, steven-johnson disease
What two antibiotic classes are people frequently allergic to both of if they have a known
allergy to one? - answerpenicillins and cephalosporins
What are penicillins used to treat? - answerstrep throat, otitis media, sinusitis, cystitis,
and syphilis
what should a nurse do if the peak level of a medication is too high? - answermonitor for
signs of toxicity, give extra fluids and prescribed diuretic to encourage excretion of
excess drug through the kidneys
what is a culture and sensitivity test? - answerProcess of growing isolated organisms
and identifying the most effective antibiotic for treatment
When would a culture and sensitivity test be done? - answerit is performed when there
is an infection that is not responding to broad spectrum antibiotics and the specific
microbe needs to be identified
what is the most commonly prescribes fluoroquinolone? - answerciprofloxacin
What are the weird adverse reaction associated with ciprofloxacin? - answertendon
rupture
What side effect of ciprofloxacin should we know? - answerphotosensitivity
What are some nursing considerations for ciprofloxacin? - answerreacts with warfarin,
should be avoided in pregnancy, don't take with iron, milk, or antacids
What is the common indicated use for fluoroquinolones? - answerUTI by gram negative
bacteria
What color do gram negative bacteria stain? - answerpink
what are the signs of superinfection? - answerfever, perineal itching/pruritis (uti or
candida overgrowth), cough (thrush), lethargy, unusual discharge
which type of bacteria (gram negative or gram positive) is more difficult to kill? why? -
answerGram-negative
because they have a hard, protective outer shell
What drug class does gentamicin belong to? – answer Aminoglycosides
What is the indicated use of aminoglycosides? - answer- Treat severe infections of the
abdomen and urinary tract, hospital acquired pneumonia, bacteremia, and endocarditis
- serious gram-negative bacterial infections and infections caused by staphylococci
when penicillins or other less toxic drugs are contraindicated
Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis? – answer tetracyclines, macrolides,
aminoglycosides
what are the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin? - answer- absorption: well absorbed IM
and IV
- distribution: widely distributed in extracellular fluid, cross placenta, small amount
enters breast milk, poor penetration into CSF
- metabolism and excretion: >90% renal
- half life: 2-4 hr or longer in renal impairment
What drugs fall into the aminoglycoside drug class? - answergentamicin, streptomycin,
amikacin, neomycin, trobramicin
What are the most common side effects and adverse effects of aminoglycosides
(symptoms associated)? - answer- ototoxicity: ringing in the ears
- anemia: fatigue, feeling cold, dizziness, pallor
- thrombocytopenia: excessive bruising, petechiae, excessive bleeding
- nephrotoxicity: oliguria, edema, hypertension
What is oliguria? - answer-Less than 500 cc of urine in 24 hours
-low urine output
What is the concern when a patient is experiencing oliguria? - answer- impaired renal
function possibly due to nephrotoxicity of a med or illness
- can alter the electrolyte balance and fluid balance of the body resulting in
hypo/hypernatremia or hypo/hyperkalemia
What is a broad spectrum antibiotic? - answerA drug effective against a wide variety of
microbial species
when would a narrow spectrum antibiotic be used? - answer- used for the specific
infection when the causative organism is known.
- They will not kill as many of the normal micro organisms in the body as the broad
spectrum antibiotics
, What are the common side effects of penicillins? - answern/v/d, epigastric distress, pain
at IM injection site, phlebitis at IV site, rash
what are the serious adverse reactions associated with penicillin? - answerCDAD (C.
diff diarrhea), hypersensitivity reactions, steven-johnson disease
What two antibiotic classes are people frequently allergic to both of if they have a known
allergy to one? - answerpenicillins and cephalosporins
What are penicillins used to treat? - answerstrep throat, otitis media, sinusitis, cystitis,
and syphilis
what should a nurse do if the peak level of a medication is too high? - answermonitor for
signs of toxicity, give extra fluids and prescribed diuretic to encourage excretion of
excess drug through the kidneys
what is a culture and sensitivity test? - answerProcess of growing isolated organisms
and identifying the most effective antibiotic for treatment
When would a culture and sensitivity test be done? - answerit is performed when there
is an infection that is not responding to broad spectrum antibiotics and the specific
microbe needs to be identified
what is the most commonly prescribes fluoroquinolone? - answerciprofloxacin
What are the weird adverse reaction associated with ciprofloxacin? - answertendon
rupture
What side effect of ciprofloxacin should we know? - answerphotosensitivity
What are some nursing considerations for ciprofloxacin? - answerreacts with warfarin,
should be avoided in pregnancy, don't take with iron, milk, or antacids
What is the common indicated use for fluoroquinolones? - answerUTI by gram negative
bacteria
What color do gram negative bacteria stain? - answerpink
what are the signs of superinfection? - answerfever, perineal itching/pruritis (uti or
candida overgrowth), cough (thrush), lethargy, unusual discharge
which type of bacteria (gram negative or gram positive) is more difficult to kill? why? -
answerGram-negative
because they have a hard, protective outer shell
